Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39661302›Full record

ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2026

Exploring Spiritual Concerns, Needs, and Resources in Outpatient Healthcare Facilities Serving Under-Resourced Black Patients: A Qualitative Study.

Shena Gazaway, Kwaku Duah Oppong, Emily S Burke, Tamara Nix-Parker, Alexia M Torke, Shelley Varner Perez, George Fitchett, Raegan W Durant, Rachel Wells, Marie Bakitas and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Shena GazawaySchool of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 485K, 1701 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
Kwaku Duah OppongSchool of Nursing, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
Emily S BurkeIndiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Tamara Nix-ParkerSchool of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 485K, 1701 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
Alexia M TorkeIndiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Shelley Varner PerezIndiana University Center for Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA.
George FitchettDepartment of Religion, Health and Human Values, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
Raegan W DurantHeersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Rachel WellsSchool of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 485K, 1701 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
Marie BakitasSchool of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 485K, 1701 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
Deborah EjemSchool of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 485K, 1701 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA. tejem@uab.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-4617-2433

Funding

Understanding the needs and experiences of surrogate decision makers caring for SGM individuals with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias.K24AG053794 · NIA · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI TORKE, ALEXIA MARY · 2016 to 2025
$1.8M
Optimizing an Early Palliative Care Intervention for Advanced HF PatientsR00NR019854 · NINR · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI WELLS, RACHEL D · 2023 to 2025
$747k
An Optimization trial of a stakeholder-enhanced intervention to improve the decisional partnership of Chronic Kidney Disease dyads using the multiphase optimization strategy: Project ImPart.K23DK134756 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI Shena Gazaway · 2023 to 2026
$674k
Optimizing an Early Palliative Care Intervention for Advanced HF PatientsK99NR019854 · NINR · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI WELLS, RACHEL D · 2021 to 2022
$174k
NIA NIH HHS K24 AG053794NIDDK NIH HHS K23 DK134756NIDDK NIH HHS K23DK134756NINR NIH HHS R00 NR019854NINR NIH HHS R0NR019854Rita and Alex Hillman Foundation no grant number
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAcknowledging patients' spiritual concerns can enhance well-being and is essential to patient-centered chronic illness care. However, unmet spiritual care needs remain a major area of suffering, particularly among under-resourced populations. Limited research exists on how spiritual concerns are acknowledged and integrated into the care of chronically ill older Black patients in these settings. PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the spiritual concerns and needs of chronically ill older Black patients from under-resourced areas and to identify available spiritual support resources for patients seeking healthcare through a community safety net health service.

methodsUsing a qualitative descriptive design, we interviewed 13 chronically ill, older Black patients and key clinicians (physicians, nurse practitioners, allied health, and clergy). The interview focused on patients' illness-related spiritual concerns, sources of distress, and desired spiritual support resources. Participants also reviewed the Spiritual Care and Assessment Intervention (SCAI), a spiritual care intervention, and provided feedback on its content, format, and delivery.

resultsFive themes emerged from qualitative interviews: (1) spirituality is integral to seriously ill Southern patients; (2) clinicians should strive to address spiritual health in encounters; (3) socioeconomic barriers and competing demands impact priority of accessing spiritual care services; (4) spiritual care interventions should be patient-driven, compassionate, and fully integrated into medical care as a comprehensive service; and (5) participants thought SCAI was appropriate for use but should be shortened and provided in-person to increase accessibility. DISCUSSION: Findings will inform the development and piloting of small-scale culturally responsive spiritual care intervention tailored for seriously ill older Black adults in an ambulatory care setting.

Indexed as

Ambulatory Care FacilitiesBlack or African AmericanHealth Services Needs and DemandSpiritualityAgedAged, 80 and overChronic DiseaseFemaleHumansInterviews as TopicMaleMiddle AgedQualitative ResearchBlackOutpatientSerious illnessSpiritual careUnder-resourced

Identifiers

PMID39661302
PMCPMC12795973

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.