Trial reportDiabetologia2025
Sex differences in response to the endothelin receptor antagonist atrasentan in individuals with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: a post hoc analysis of the SONAR trial.
Trial report in Diabetologia, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01858532 (A Randomized, Multicountry, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Parallel, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Effects of Atrasentan on Renal Outcomes in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy. SONAR), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized, Multicountry, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Parallel, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Effects of Atrasentan on Renal Outcomes in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy. SONAR: Study Of Diabetic Nephropathy With Atrasentan
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- A year in pharmacology: new drugs approved by the US food and drug administration in 2025.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Progress in mechanistic and clinical translational research of endothelin A receptor antagonists in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease: a narrative review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- The role of sex differences in cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune functions in health and disease: a review for "Sex Differences in Health Awareness Day".Biology of sex differences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisIn the Study Of diabetic Nephropathy with AtRasentan (SONAR), the endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) atrasentan slowed progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Pre-clinical research suggests sex-based differences in the endothelin system might influence the efficacy and safety of atrasentan. We therefore assessed the effects of atrasentan in men and women participating in SONAR.
methodsSONAR was a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that compared atrasentan 0.75 mg/day with placebo in individuals with type 2 diabetes and CKD (eGFR 25-75 ml/min per 1.73 m
resultsAmong 3668 randomised participants, 946 (25.8%) were female. Atrasentan significantly reduced the risk of the composite kidney outcome in female participants (HR 0.46 [95% CI 0.28, 0.76]) but not in male participants (HR 0.83 [95% CI 0.65, 1.05]; p value for interaction 0.032). Atrasentan compared with placebo reduced eGFR decline to a greater extent in female than in male participants (treatment effect difference between male vs female participants -0.99 ml/min per 1.73 m CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationAtrasentan showed greater kidney protection in female than in male participants but also induced more heart failure events in the female participants. These data suggest that sex-specific dosing regimens may be considered to optimise ERA treatment.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01858532.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.