ReviewFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2024
Direct and indirect effects of estrogens, androgens and intestinal microbiota on colorectal cancer.
Review in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sex differences in the gut microbiome and related metabolites: role in cardiometabolic disease.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- The "oral-gut axis" transmission of microorganisms in colorectal cancer: Insights fromVirulence · 2026Review
- Evaluating the effects of single-dose oral lectin administration on intestinal morphology and tibial structure in roosters and capons.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide orchestrates anti-tumor immunity via a dual-network mechanism targeting the gut microbiota and spleen.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Exploring Risk Factors and Sex Differences in Colorectal Cancer: Insights from Current Evidence.Cells · 2026Review
- Protective Effects of Plant-Based Diets Against Colorectal Carcinogenesis via Modulation of Key Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Review of Evidence.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiota Metabolic Reprogramming Drives Endocrine and Immune Resistance in Hormone-Dependent Cancers.Cancers · 2026Review
- Gut microbiome-driven colorectal cancer via immune, metabolic, neural, and endocrine axes reprogramming.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Review
- The multisystem impact of perimenopausal hormonal fluctuations on chronic disease risk.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Age and sex: dual drivers remodeling the anti-tumor immune microenvironment and shaping personalized immuno-oncology.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Microecological modulators-new perspectives for treating sex hormone disorders.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Progress and Perspectives on the Estrogen-Microbiota-Brain Axis in Alzheimer's Disease.Neurochemical research · 2025Review
- Association of lifestyle and dietary preferences with precancerous serrated polyps: a hospital-based case-control study in Guangzhou, China.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- The Gut Microbiota-Sex-Immunity Axis in Non-Communicable Diseases.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- GPER in metabolic homeostasis and disease: molecular mechanisms, nutritional regulation, and therapeutic potential.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- MTX-induced gastrointestinal reactions in RA: Prevotella enrichment, gut dysbiosis, and PI3K/Akt/Ras/AMPK pathways.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Chemotherapy-induced suppression of colorectal cancer-associated gut microbiota and modulation of host miRNA expression.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Inflammation mediates the effect of histidine on a lower risk of colorectal cancer.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sex differences in colorectal cancer (CRC) has received considerable research attention recently, particularly regarding the influence of sex hormones and the intestinal microbiota. Estrogen, at the genetic and epigenetic levels, directly inhibits CRC cell proliferation by enhancing DNA mismatch repair, regulating miRNAs, blocking the cell cycle, and modulating ion channels. However, estradiol's activation of GPER promotes oncogene expression. Conversely, androgen contributes to epigenetic dysregulation and CRC progression via nuclear receptors while inducing apoptosis through membrane receptors. Specific gut microorganisms produce genotoxins and oncogenic metabolites that damage colonic cell DNA and contribute to cancer induction. Regarding the tumor microenvironment, estrogen mitigates intestinal inflammation, reverses immunosuppression, increases gut microbiome diversity and commensal bacteria abundance, and decreases pathogen enrichment. On the contrary, androgen disrupts intestinal microecology, diminish immunotherapy efficacy, and exacerbate colonic inflammation and tumor growth. The impact of estrogen and androgen is closely tied to their receptor status, elucidating their dual roles in CRC pathogenesis. This review comprehensively discusses the direct and indirect effects of sex hormones and the intestinal microbiota on CRC, considering environmental factors such as diet and lifestyle to propose novel prevention and treatment strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.