ArticlePNAS nexus2024
Reducing industrial pollution and inter-regional environmental inequality via the world's largest high-speed railway network.
Article in PNAS nexus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Industrial pollution and the associated spatial environmental inequality increase health risks and hinder sustainable development, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Large-scale public transportation infrastructure that connects developed and developing cities, exemplified by high-speed railway (HSR), has the potential to be an effective instrument. Here, we provide nationwide micro-level estimates for the overall and distributional environmental impacts of HSR in a middle-income context. Using over half-a-million emission records of industrial firms during the rapid expansion of Chinese HSR, the world's largest HSR program, we find significant reductions in firm emissions after HSR opening (by 5.11-13.80%). The contributions come via facilitating intercity element flows like (green) technologies and lowering emission intensities. At the aggregate level, the HSR-driven emission reductions account for 0.49-1.70% of the overall emissions during the study period. Last, we examine the geographical distributional impacts of HSR. Both our between-city and within-city analyses reveal that laggard areas benefit more from HSR connection, thereby contributing to inter-regional environmental equality.
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