ArticleIJID regions2024
Serological analyses against endemic human coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 in children and adults using samples collected before the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article in IJID regions, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Seroprevalence of Coronavirus NL63 in Yamagata, Japan, Between 1976 and 2022.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: Four endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs), HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-OC43, infect humans during childhood and cause the common cold. COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 leads to mild symptoms in children, possibly owing to the protection conferred by immunity developed during a previous HCoV infection. This study analyzed the seroreactivity of four endemic HCoVs and SARS-CoV-2 in children and adults. Methods: A total of 747 serum samples (from individuals aged 6 months to 69 years) were collected from 2015 to 2019 before the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. The samples were tested for immunoglobulin G antibodies against the four endemic HCoVs and SARS-CoV-2 wild-type spike ectodomain proteins using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The seroprevalence of endemic HCoVs (except HCoV-229E) showed 90% positivity by 3-4 years old, whereas HCoV-229E seroprevalence was observed at 8 years old. Approximately 35% of the samples showed reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 and did not change with age. However, the children's group presented higher antibody levels than the adult group. The sample reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 did not confirm neutralization capability. Conclusions: The reactive samples against SARS-CoV-2 showed varying antibody levels among different age groups. These findings may contribute to a deeper understanding of the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 and coronavirus diseases.
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