Monkey king evolution (MKE)-GA-SVM model for subtype classification of breast cancer.

Objective: Recently, numerous research studies have concentrated on employing hybrid metaheuristic approaches for the analysis and diagnosis of breast cancer which motivated us to devise a computer-driven diagnostic tool that could aid in improving the precision of clinical decision-making. Methods: In the present study, an integrated metaheuristic machine learning approach-based predictive model was developed that can classify breast cancer into subgroups using clinicopathological data acquired from tertiary care hospitals or oncological institutes. Results: Monkey king evolution (MKE) was utilized to refine the hyperparameters of the support vector machine to achieve optimal settings, and genetic algorithm (GA) was used to choose the pertinent clinical and pathological attributes involved in classification before being applied to the support vector machine (SVM) classifier for prediction. A comparison was conducted between the results of the integrated MKE-GA-SVM model and those derived from conventional feature selection and hyperparameter tuning models such as GA-SVM, grid search-SVM, and SVM-recursive feature elimination (RFE). The effectiveness of the results was evaluated by applying the 10-fold cross-validation technique to the three multicentre datasets across all models. The integrated machine learning (ML) model achieved classification accuracies of 91.4%, 86.6%, and 75.5% across three clinicopathological breast cancer datasets, outperforming the existing models. The generated model performance was also assessed with notable metrics, namely F1-score, precision-recall curve, area under the ROC curve, mean square error and logarithmic loss. Conclusion: Thus, the newly developed bio-inspired integrated metaheuristic model may be deployed as a surrogate diagnostic tool that allows clinicians to offer patients with better therapeutic outcomes.