ArticleNeurorehabilitation and neural repair2025
The Use of Extrinsic Performance Feedback and Reward to Enhance Upper Limb Motor Behavior and Recovery Post-Stroke: A Scoping Review.
Article in Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review of functional near-infrared spectroscopy-based task paradigms in stroke rehabilitation.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Advancing Stroke Recovery Through Operant Conditioning of Corticomuscular Coherence.Restorative neurology and neuroscience · 2026Review
- Navigating Virtual Reality in Stroke Rehabilitation: Scoping Review of Diverse Intervention Effects.JMIR serious games · 2026Review
- Older Adults' Experiences of Commercial Virtual Reality for Stroke Rehabilitation: A Mixed-Methods Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Self-initiated feedback enhances reward positivity during motor learning in a standing weight-shifting task.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDuring post-stroke motor rehabilitation, patients often receive feedback from therapists or via rehabilitation technologies. Research suggests that feedback may benefit motor performance, skill acquisition, and action selection. However, there is no consensus on how extrinsic feedback should be implemented during stroke rehabilitation to best leverage specific neurobehavioral mechanisms to optimize recovery.
objectiveTo identify the existing evidence and research gaps regarding the effects of extrinsic feedback on upper extremity motor function in stroke survivors, and to map the evidence onto neurobehavioral concepts of motor performance, motor learning, and action selection.
methodsThe MEDLINE, PsychInfo, EMBASE, and CINHAL databases were searched for relevant articles. A sequential screening process and data extraction were performed by 2 independent reviewers, and the results were reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews guidelines.
resultsA total of 29 studies were identified that met the criteria for inclusion. Beneficial effects of feedback were reported for clinical outcomes of rehabilitation interventions as well as motor performance, motor learning, and action selection post-stroke. Three studies showed that the addition of rewarding elements to positive performance feedback benefited learning or recovery.
conclusionsExtrinsic feedback has the potential to improve outcomes of stroke rehabilitation through effects on motor performance, motor learning, or action selection. To understand how these specific neurobehavioral processes contribute to recovery, clinical trials should include more granular behavioral measures. Rewarding feedback may be particularly beneficial, but more research is needed regarding the specific implementation of feedback.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.