ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2025
The Causal Relationships Between Inflammatory Proteins, Brain Structure, and Psychiatric Disorders: A Two-Step Mendelian Randomization Analysis.
Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Circulating inflammatory proteins associated with risks of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder: a mendelian randomization study.Translational psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- B cell pathways implicate shared genetic architecture between schizophrenia and immune-mediated diseases.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
background and hypothesisInflammatory proteins are implicated in psychiatric disorders, but the causality and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. STUDY
designWe conducted bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) using genetic variants from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 91 inflammatory proteins (N = 14 824) and 11 psychiatric disorders (N = 9725 to 1 035 760). The primary analysis used the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, with additional sensitivity analyses to confirm robustness. A two-step MR approach assessed whether brain imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) mediated the observed effects. STUDY
resultsForward MR analysis found the protective effect of CD40 on schizophrenia (SCZ) (IVW OR = 0.90, P = 5.29 × 10-6) and bipolar disorder (BD) (IVW OR = 0.89, P = 5.08 × 10-6). Reverse MR demonstrated that increased genetic risk of Tourette's syndrome (TS) was associated with reduced Fms-associated tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) levels (Flt3L) (Wald Ratio beta = -0.42, P = 1.99 × 10-7). The protective effect of CD40 on SCZ was partially mediated by the modulation of fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the right and left superior frontal occipital fasciculus, with mediation proportions of 9.6% (P = .025) and 11.5% (P = .023), respectively.
conclusionCD40 exerts an immunoprotective effect on SCZ and BD, and the effect of CD40 on SCZ was partially mediated through modulation of FA values in the superior frontal occipital fasciculus. These findings enhance comprehension of the etiology of these psychiatric conditions and underscore the promise of therapeutic strategies aimed at inflammatory proteins.
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