ArticleCell stem cell2025
Patient-derived glioblastoma organoids as real-time avatars for assessing responses to clinical CAR-T cell therapy.
Article in Cell stem cell, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Mapping the Cerebral Organoid Landscape: A Systematic Review of Preclinical 3D Models in Neuroscience.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Pooled it
- In vitro assays as a tool to personalize treatment in central nervous system tumors: a systematic literature review.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Tutorial: interrogating biology using organoid technologies.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Accelerating discovery: Transformative clinical trial models in neuro-oncology.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy for solid tumors in pediatric patients: current breakthroughs, dilemmas, and strategies.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Integrating ex vivo platforms with AI to guide glioblastoma treatment.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Review
- Patient-derived ependymoma and medulloblastoma tumoroids: generation, biobanking and drug screening.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- The critical role of the endogenous immune compartment after CAR T cell therapy in recurrent GBM.Cell · 2026Article
- Construction Strategies, Microenvironmental Modelling and Precision-Therapy Applications of Glioma Organoid Models.Cancers · 2026Review
- Modeling gliomas with organoids: Classification, fidelity, and guidelines for translational neuro-oncology.Neuro-oncology · 2026Review
- Decoding glioblastoma evolution and heterogeneity through mechanistic modeling: implications for clinical translation.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- Review
- B7 homolog 3-targeted CAR-T cells secreting EGFR T-cell engagers for improved control of glioblastoma progression.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Article
- Human cerebral organoids with microglia and vasculature model glioma stem cell interactions and radiotherapy response.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- A Deep Learning-Driven Framework Integrating Organoid-Based Functional Validation Identifies Universal Neoantigens from Recurrent Glioma Mutations.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Deconstructing cancer in 3D: models, mechanisms, and personalized solutions.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Potent Cytotoxic Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Can Be Generated from Immune-Excluded Chondrosarcomas Using Regulatable Membrane-Bound IL15.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- Recent advances and expanding applications of organoid models in unveiling drug ADME profiles.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Review
- Organoids as next-generation models for investigating intracranial tumours.Molecular brain · 2026Review
- Organoids to Model Tumor Microenvironment in Progression of Pathogenesis and Treatment Resistance in Glioblastoma Multiforme.Brain sciences · 2026Review
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Patient-derived tumor organoids have been leveraged for disease modeling and preclinical studies but rarely applied in real time to aid with interpretation of patient treatment responses in clinics. We recently demonstrated early efficacy signals in a first-in-human, phase 1 study of dual-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells (EGFR-IL13Rα2 CAR-T cells) in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Here, we analyzed six sets of patient-derived glioblastoma organoids (GBOs) treated concurrently with the same autologous CAR-T cell products as patients in our phase 1 study. We found that CAR-T cell treatment led to target antigen reduction and cytolysis of tumor cells in GBOs, the degree of which correlated with CAR-T cell engraftment detected in patients' cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Furthermore, cytokine release patterns in GBOs mirrored those in patient CSF samples over time. Our findings highlight a unique trial design and GBOs as a valuable platform for real-time assessment of CAR-T cell bioactivity and insights into immunotherapy efficacy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.