Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39655600›Full record

ArticleJournal of hypertension2025

Racial and regional disparities in the risk of noncommunicable disease between sub-Saharan black and European white patients.

Yu-Ling Yu, De-Wei An, Babangida S Chori, Błażej P Kaleta, Gontse Mokwatsi, Dries S Martens, Olugbenga O Abiodun, Tina Anya, Agnieszka Łebek-Szatańska, Jong-Shiuan Yeh and 24 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of hypertension, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04299529 (Urinary Proteomics Combined With Home Blood Pressure Telemonitoring for Health Care Reform), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04299529 naunknown statusnot on this map

Urinary Proteomics Combined With Home Blood Pressure Telemonitoring for Health Care Reform: a Randomised Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorKU LeuvenRan2020 to 2026Enrolled1,000ConditionsProtein Deregulation, Blood Pressure, Health Care Utilization, Cost EffectivenessArmsIn-vitro urinary diagnostic test
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

34 authors.

Yu-Ling YuResearch Unit Environment and Health, KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven.
De-Wei AnNon-Profit Research Association Alliance for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine, Mechelen, Belgium.
Babangida S ChoriNon-Profit Research Association Alliance for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine, Mechelen, Belgium.
Błażej P KaletaFirst Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
Gontse MokwatsiHypertension in Africa Research Team, Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Dries S MartensCenter for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Olugbenga O AbiodunDepartment of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Center Jabi, Abuja, Nigeria.
Tina AnyaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Center Jabi, Abuja, Nigeria.
Agnieszka Łebek-SzatańskaDepartment of Hypertension, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.
Jong-Shiuan YehTaipei Municipal Wang-Fang Hospital.
Catharina M C MelsHypertension in Africa Research Team, Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Agnieszka LatosinskaMosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany.
Ruan KrugerHypertension in Africa Research Team, Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Godsent IsiguzoDepartment of Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi, Nigeria.
Krzystof NarkiewiczDepartment of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Muhammad N ShehuFederal Teaching Hospital Katsina, Nigeria.
Martin SalazarUniversidad Nacional de La Plata | UNLP Departamento de Medicina Interna y Especialidades Clínicas, La Plata, Argentina.
Walter EspecheUniversidad Nacional de La Plata | UNLP Departamento de Medicina Interna y Especialidades Clínicas, La Plata, Argentina.
Blerim MujajNon-Profit Research Association Alliance for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine, Mechelen, Belgium.
Jana Brgulian-HitijDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypertension, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Agnieszka OlszaneckaFirst Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
Wiktoria WojciechowskaFirst Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
Peter ReyskensRDSM NV, Hasselt, Belgium.
Marek RajzerFirst Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
Andrzej JanuszewiczDepartment of Hypertension, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.
Katarzyna Stolarz-SkrzypekFirst Department of Cardiology, Interventional Electrocardiology and Hypertension, Jagellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
Kei AsayamaNon-Profit Research Association Alliance for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine, Mechelen, Belgium.
Karel AllegaertDepartment of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences.
Peter VerhammeCenter for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences.
Harald MischakMosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany.
Tim S NawrotResearch Unit Environment and Health, KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven.
Augustine N OdiliDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.
Jan A StaessenNon-Profit Research Association Alliance for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine, Mechelen, Belgium.
the UPRIGHT-HTM investigators

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesGreater vulnerability of Black vs. White individuals to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is well charted in the United States, but studies involving sub-Saharan blacks are scarce.

methodsBaseline data (2021-2024) were collected in 168 sub-Saharan Blacks and 93 European Whites in an ongoing clinical trial (NCT04299529), using standardized patient selection criteria. Data included clinical and biochemical risk factors, ECG and echocardiographic traits, Framingham CVD risk, CKD grades (KDIGO 2024), self-assessed symptoms (WHO questionnaire), and urinary proteomic profiles predictive of left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) and CKD, HF1, and CKD273, respectively. Racial comparisons rested on unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted analyses.

resultsDespite being younger (60.4 vs. 68.3 years), blacks had a worse risk profile, as evidenced by higher diabetes prevalence, higher BMI, faster heart rate, unfavourable serum cholesterol fractions, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, microalbuminuria, and sedentary lifestyle. This resulted in blacks having higher 10-year CVD risk, higher heart age (index of vascular ageing with chronological age as reference), and a worse CKD grades. In both races, CKD273 increased with CKD grade, but CKD273 and HF1 were not different by race. These observations were robust in subgroup and adjusted analyses.

conclusionThis study did not differentiate host (genetic, molecular, and pathogenic) from environmental drivers of disease. Nonetheless, the findings call for a multipronged and comprehensive implementation of innovative health policies in sub-Saharan countries. Education, research, empowerment of stakeholders, and international learned societies connecting experts from a wide array of disciplines should vigorously sustain this effort.

Indexed as

Black PeopleCardiovascular DiseasesHealth Status DisparitiesNoncommunicable DiseasesRenal Insufficiency, ChronicWhite PeopleAfrica South of the SaharaAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID39655600
PMCPMC11789602

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.