SynthesisBMJ paediatrics open2024
Impact of exposure to extreme heat events during pregnancy on the incidence of congenital heart disease in offspring: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ paediatrics open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Climate change health impacts on children in Canada: a systematic review.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Pooled it
- Heat, health and inequalities in the WHO European region - a scoping review with an intersectional lens.International journal for equity in health · 2026Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe aetiology of congenital heart disease (CHD) is multifactorial. Environmental risk factors have emerged as an important modifiable determinant of several congenital cardiac conditions. Previous studies have shown a strong relationship between CHD and air pollution. Much less is known about the influence of ambient temperature on CHD. The primary objective of this meta-analysis was to examine the association between exposure to extreme heat events (EHE) during pregnancy and CHD in the offspring.
methodscomprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases such as Scopus and PubMed, along with a review of secondary references. This process yielded eight studies that met the inclusion criteria: four from the USA, two from China, one from Israel and one from Canada. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa scale. Mixed-effect regression was used to pool the estimates of individual studies. Heterogeneity was measured by I
resultsExposure to EHE during pregnancy increased the risk for CHD in the offspring (OR=1.12, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.34). Studies from the USA observed the smallest effect (OR=1.01, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.13), studies in the continental climate zone observed a slightly larger effect (OR=1.07, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.19), and studies from the temperate climate zone observed the largest effect (OR=1.35, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.48). Subgroup analysis was conducted with respect to exposure, effect definition and region. The residual heterogeneity measures were 88% (exposure), 61% (effect definition) and 38% (Region).
conclusionThe association between prenatal EHE exposure and future risk of CHD has important implications for pregnant mothers, infant health and health policy. Future studies should explore the additional burden of CHD contributed by current trends in global ambient temperature in other parts of the world. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023455934.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.