Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39652220›Full record

ArticleThe European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care2025

Can wage changes solve the labour crisis in the National Health Service?

Xingzuo Zhou, Jolene Skordis, Junjian Yi, Yiang Li, Jonathan Clarke, Hongkun Zhang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. A cross-country comparison of the psychometric performance of SF-6Dv2 and EQ-5D-5L.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Comparison of the EQ-5D-Y and the CHU-9D instruments in a general child population based on self-reports and proxy-reports.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Xingzuo ZhouCentre for Global Health Economics, University College London, 3rd floor, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK. xingzuo.zhou.19@ucl.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9829-1664
Jolene SkordisCentre for Global Health Economics, University College London, 3rd floor, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
Junjian YiChina Center of Economic Research, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
Yiang LiDepartment of Sociology, University of Chicago, 1155 E. 60th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
Jonathan ClarkeCentre for Mathematics of Precision Healthcare, Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
Hongkun ZhangDepartment of Economics, University of Chicago, 1126 E. 59th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.

Funding

National Institute for Health and Care Research NIHR302749
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the healthcare labour demand and supply elasticity regarding wage in the National Health Service (NHS) in England amid a labour crisis. A simultaneous error-correction regression analysis was conducted using secondary data from the NHS and Office for National Statistics from 2009 Q3 to 2022 Q1. Findings indicate both labour demand and supply of HCHS doctors in the NHS are highly inelastic with respect to real wages, with only a 0.1% decrease in NHS staff hiring and a 0.8% rise in NHS staff's willingness to work as full-time equivalents per 10% wage increase. Approximately 22% of the wage disequilibrium adjusts quarterly, indicating moderate speed of wage adjustment. Our results suggest that wage setting is not a sufficient solution to the labour crisis. Innovative and sustainable solutions are needed to reduce the demand for skilled health labour and increase the supply of health labour.

Indexed as

PhysiciansSalaries and Fringe BenefitsState MedicineEnglandFemaleHumansForecastingLabour marketMacroeconometrical modellingNational Health Service (NHS)

Identifiers

PMID39652220
PMCPMC12204917

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.