Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39650347›Full record

ArticlePeerJ. Computer science2024

Implementing federated learning over VPN-based wireless backhaul networks for healthcare systems.

Atif Mahmood, Zati Hakim Azizul, Mohammed Zakariah, Samir Brahim Belhaouari, Ayman Altameem, Roziana Ramli, Abdulaziz S Almazyad, Miss Laiha Mat Kiah, Saaidal Razalli Azzuhri

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PeerJ. Computer science, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Atif MahmoodDepartment of Computer System & Technology, Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Zati Hakim AzizulDepartment of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Mohammed ZakariahDepartment of Computer Sciences and Engineering, College of Applied Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Samir Brahim BelhaouariDivision of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
Ayman AltameemDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Applied Studies and Community Services, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Roziana RamliDepartment of Computer and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom.
Abdulaziz S AlmazyadDepartment of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Miss Laiha Mat KiahDepartment of Computer System & Technology, Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Saaidal Razalli AzzuhriDepartment of Computer System & Technology, Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Federated learning (FL) is a popular method where edge devices work together to train machine learning models. This study introduces an efficient network for analyzing healthcare records. It uses VPN technology and applies a federated learning approach over a wireless backhaul network. The study compares different wireless backhaul channels, including terahertz (THz), E/V band (mmWave), and microwave, for their effectiveness. We looked closely at a suggested FL network that uses VPN technology over awireless backhaul network. We compared it with the standard method and found that using the FedAvg algorithm with Terahertz (THz) for communication gave the best accuracy. The time it took to reach a conclusion improved a lot, going from 55 seconds to an impressive 38 seconds. This emphasizes how having a faster communication link makes FL networks work much better. Furthermore, a three-step plan was executed to boost security, adopting a multi-layered method to safeguard the FL network and its confidential data. The first step involves integrating a private network into the current telecom infrastructure, establishing an initial layer of security. To enhance security further, licensed frequency channels are introduced, providing an extra layer of protection. The highest level of security is achieved by combining a private network with licensed frequency channels, complemented by an additional layer of security through VPN-based measures. This comprehensive strategy ensures the application of strong security protocols.

Indexed as

6GCross-siloFederated learningHealthcareVPNWireless backhual

Identifiers

PMID39650347
PMCPMC11622844

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.