ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2024
Effects of two-stage preterm formulas on growth, nutritional biomarkers, and neurodevelopment in preterm infants.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Growth and Safety of a Two-stage Feeding System in Preterm Infants: a Prospective, Non-randomized, Open-label, Single-arm Study
Neurocognitive Scores of Predominantly Formula Fed Preterm Infants in Early Childhood Years
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Amino acids and lean mass accretion in preterm neonates.Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Formula-fed preterm infants require nutrient-enriched formulas with optimized protein levels to support growth and neurodevelopment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of a new liquid two-staged formula system designed to provide tailored nutrition during hospital stay and after discharge. Methods: Male and female very-low-birth-weight preterm infants (birth weight ≤1,500 g; gestational age ≤32 weeks) were recruited from three neonatal units in Poland and Slovakia in a prospective, open-label, interventional study. Stage 1 formula providing 3.6 g intact protein/100 kcal was consumed from enrollment until reaching 1,800 g, followed by a post-discharge (PD) Stage 2 formula with 2.8 g/100 kcal protein, which was consumed for 30 days. Weight gain velocity (WGV in g/kg/day) between the first day of achieving full enteral feeding (FEF D1 rate of 150 ml/kg/day and cessation of parenteral feeding) and day reaching 1,800 g was compared to the minimally required WGV (15 g/kg/day) for non-inferiority (primary endpoint), and to the Fenton median growth rate for superiority (17.3 g/kg/day), adjusting for sex, gestational age, site, visit, and WGV. Changes in Results: Adjusted weight gain velocity (95% CI) between the first day of full enteral feeding and day reaching 1,800 g in per protocol (PP, Conclusion: The two-stage preterm formulas supported postnatal weight gain, adequate growth, cognitive development within normal ranges, and a safe profile of protein and bone biomarkers. Clinical Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov registration, NCT03728764, NCT04962035.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.