ArticleJMIR public health and surveillance2024
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Risk by Vaccine Doses and Prior Infections Over 24 Months: ProHEpiC-19 Longitudinal Study.
Article in JMIR public health and surveillance, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: As the vaccination campaign against COVID-19 progresses, it becomes crucial to comprehend the lasting effects of vaccination on safeguarding against new infections or reinfections. Objective: This study aimed to assess the risk of new SARS-CoV-2 infections based on the number of vaccine doses, prior infections, and other clinical characteristics. Methods: We defined a cohort of 800 health care workers in a 24-month study (March 2020 to December 2022) in northern Barcelona to determine new infections by SARS-CoV-2. We used extended Cox models, specifically Andersen-Gill (AG) and Prentice-Williams-Peterson, and we examined the risk of new infections. The AG model incorporated variables such as sex, age, job title, number of chronic conditions, vaccine doses, and prior infections. Additionally, 2 Prentice-Williams-Peterson models were adjusted, one for those individuals with no or 1 infection and another for those with 2 or 3 infections, both with the same covariates as the AG model. Results: The 800 participants (n=605, 75.6% women) received 1, 2, 3, and 4 doses of the vaccine. Compared to those who were unvaccinated, the number of vaccine doses significantly reduced (P<.001) the risk of infection by 66%, 81%, 89%, and 99%, respectively. Unit increase in the number of prior infections reduced the risk of infection by 75% (P<.001). When separating individuals by number of previous infections, risk was significantly reduced for those with no or 1 infection by 61% (P=.02), and by 88%, 93%, and 99% (P<.001) with 1, 2, 3, or 4 doses, respectively. In contrast, for those with 2 or 3 previous infections, the reduction was only significant with the fourth dose, at 98% (P<.001). The number of chronic diseases only increased the risk by 28%-31% (P<.001) for individuals with 0-1 previous infections. Conclusions: The study suggests that both prior infections and vaccination status significantly contribute to SARS-CoV-2 immunity, supporting vaccine effectiveness in reducing risk of reinfection for up to 24 months after follow-up from the onset of the pandemic. These insights contribute to our understanding of long-term immunity dynamics and inform strategies for mitigating the impact of COVID-19.
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