ArticleEmerging microbes & infections2025
Marked neurotropism and potential adaptation of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4.b virus in naturally infected domestic cats.
Article in Emerging microbes & infections, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Seroprevalence of Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Domestic Cats at Epicenter of Dairy Cattle Outbreaks, California, USA, 2024-2026.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Receptor profiling and growth assessment of influenza A virus in porcine mammary and non-mammary tissues and derived cells.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- H5N1 influenza binding and cell entry via human class II MHC, and blocking by cross-reactive antibodies.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among owned and feral cats in Philadelphia and surrounding communities.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 clade 2.3.4.4 and human new pandemic H1N1 virus exposure in domestic cats with outdoor access in the Netherlands in 2024.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- Pathogens Associated with Domestic Cats (Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Receptor basis of unusual tissue tropism of avian influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus in cattle.Science advances · 2026Article
- Novel recombinant H5-based vaccine provides effective protection against H5N1 influenza virus in cats.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Development and characterization of chicken lung organoids for in vitro modeling of avian influenza virus-host cell interaction.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Emergence of mammalian-adaptive PB2 mutations enhances polymerase activity and pathogenicity of cattle-derived H5N1 influenza A virus.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Unique immune and other responses of human nasal epithelial cells infected with H5N1 avian influenza virus compared to seasonal human influenza A and B viruses.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- H5N1 influenza virus stability and transmission risk in raw milk and cheese.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Identification of amino acid residues in polymerase PB2 responsible for differential replication and pathogenicity of avian influenza virus H5N1 isolated from human and cattle in Texas, US.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Hunting-training dogs and companion dogs in the Netherlands are frequently exposed to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI H5) and human H1N1 virus, 2021-2023.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Mammalian adaptation and zoonotic risk of influenza A viruses in companion animals.Journal of veterinary science · 2025Review
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 virus infection in an immunocompromised domestic cat.ASM case reports · 2025Article
- Phylogenetic and Molecular Characterization of a Novel Reassortant High-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza A (H7N6) Virus Detected in New Zealand Poultry.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Feline high pathogenicity avian influenza H5N1 infection: past and present.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2025Review
- PB2 and NP of North American H5N1 virus drive immune cell replication and systemic infections.Science advances · 2025Article
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13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In April 2024, ten cats died in a rural South Dakota (SD) residence, showing respiratory and neurological symptoms. Necropsy and laboratory testing of two cats confirmed H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b infection. The viral genome sequences are closely related to recent SD cattle H5N1 sequences. Cat H5N1 genomes had unique mutations, including T143A in haemagglutinin, known to affect infectivity and immune evasion, and two novel mutations in PA protein (F314L, L342Q) that may affect polymerase activity and virulence, suggesting potential virus adaptation. Dead cats showed systemic infection with lesions and viral antigens in multiple organs. Higher viral RNA and antigen in the brain indicated pronounced neurotropism. Lectin-histochemistry revealed widespread co-expression of sialic acid α-2,6 and α-2,3 receptors, suggesting cats could serve as mixing vessels for reassortment of avian and mammalian influenza viruses. No differences in clade 2.2 or 2.3.4.4b H5 pseudoviruses binding to cat lung/brain tissues indicated the neurotropism is unlikely mediated by receptor binding affinity.
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