ArticleJournal of cosmetic dermatology2025
Identifying Different Immunoresistance Risk Profiles Among Experienced Aesthetic Botulinum Neurotoxin A Recipients: A Latent Class Analysis.
Article in Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundImmunoresistance to botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) due to neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) can lead to partial or complete secondary nonresponse (SNR), potentially limiting individuals' aesthetic and/or medical therapeutic options in the short and/or long term. Understanding factors directly or indirectly influencing BoNT-A immunoresistance risk is crucial.
aimsThis analysis explored patterns of latent risk factors (biological and behavioral) that may influence the risk of developing BoNT-A immunoresistance among experienced aesthetic BoNT-A recipients.
methodsLatent class analysis (LCA) was applied to survey data from 363 experienced BoNT-A recipients from six Asia-Pacific countries to identify distinct subgroups based on their patterns of risk factor or risk proxy variables. The five risk proxy variables used for modeling capture information on BoNT-A treatments (treatment indications/locations as proxies for dose), symptoms of declining efficacy, number of aesthetic treatments over the past 3 years, and clinic and BoNT-A formulation switching behaviors. These represent established risk factors and treatment-seeking behaviors suggested to influence immunoresistance risk.
resultsLCA identified 3 distinct profiles of individuals, which we described based on the observed patterns of risk proxies as: "lower-risk" (55%), "moderate-risk" (39%), and "higher-risk" (6%). Individuals in the "higher-risk" profile reported higher BoNT-A exposure, more symptoms of declining efficacy, and distinct patterns of knowledge and attitudes toward BoNT-A immunoresistance that could account for their treatment-seeking behaviors.
conclusionsThis study suggests that individual behaviors (the "human factor") have a notable influence on BoNT-A immunoresistance risk. Gaining deeper insights into these factors could support more targeted and effective interventions to mitigate risk.
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