SynthesisBMC anesthesiology2024
Effectiveness of preoperative ketamine gargle to reduce postoperative sore throat in adult patients undergoing surgery with endotracheal tube; systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials.
Synthesis in BMC anesthesiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prophylactic esketamine for postoperative sore throat: a meta-analysis of randomized evidence.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Observational study on the application of different esketamine gargle doses for the prevention of postoperative sore throat after laryngeal mask airway insertion.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Article
- A Commentary on "Analysis of Factors Related to Throat Soreness After Painless Gastroscopy: A Single-Center Study" [Letter].Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- Postoperative Sore Throat After Tracheal Intubation: An Updated Narrative Review and Call for Action.Journal of pain research · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPostoperative sore throat is a frequent and distressing complication caused by airway instrumentation during general anesthesia. The discomfort can lead to immediate distress, delayed recovery and reduce patient satisfaction. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of preoperative ketamine gargle on the occurrence of postoperative sore throat among adult patients who underwent surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal tube.
methodPubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and World Clinical Trial Registry were searched to find the eligible randomized control trials comparing the effect of preoperative ketamine gargle and placebo gargle on the occurrence of postoperative sore throat after surgery with endotracheal tube in adult patients. We utilized Review Manager Version 5.4 to perform statistical analyses. Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized control trials was used to assess the risk of bias of included studies. We explored heterogeneity using the I
resultIn the present systematic review and metanalysis, seventeen [17] randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 1552 participants were included. Compared with placebo, preoperative ketamine gargle is effective to reduce postoperative sore throat (RR = 0.48; 95%CI [0.45, 0.52] in adult patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal tube.
conclusionPreoperative ketamine gargle before induction of general anesthesia is effective to reduce the occurrence of postoperative sore throat in adult patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia with an endotracheal tube. Further studies with large sample size, better study quality and optimal reporting could be conducted to determine the long-term efficacy and safety of ketamine gargle in different surgical populations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.