Observational studyInfection2025
Bacteremic nosocomial pneumonia caused by Gram-negative bacilli: results from the nationwide ALARICO study in Italy.
Observational study in Infection, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Female Sex and Mortality in Patients With Gram-Negative Bacteremia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2025Pooled it
- [Multidrug resistance and new anti-infective agents].Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Site-specific and time-varying Acinetobacter colonization and risk of invasive infection in critically ill patients.Infection · 2026Article
- When might we consider using the newer β-lactam agents as empirical therapy against presumed carbapenem-resistant gram-negative infections?JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Review
- Challenges and opportunities in the management of severe pneumonia. Key concepts from the Seventh Annual Meeting of Spanish Experts 2025.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2026Review
- Clinical characteristics and 28-day outcomes of sepsis associated with klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales: a single-center retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The efficacy and safety of colistimethate sodium in the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli: a real-world observational study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Observational
- Real-world effectiveness and safety of cefiderocol in critically ill patients with MDR Gram-negative infections: Results from a retrospective study.Biomedical reports · 2025Article
- Effectiveness and safety of cefiderocol treatment in patients with Gram-negative bacterial infections in Spain in the early access programme: results of the PERSEUS study.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- The burden of infections caused by Metallo-Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales in Italy: epidemiology, outcomes, and management.Le infezioni in medicina · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
38 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with nosocomial pneumonia (NP) caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (CR-GNB) and to compare them to patients with NP caused by carbapenem-susceptible (CS)-GNB.
methodsProspective observational multicenter study including patients with bacteremic NP caused by GNB from the ALARICO Network (June 2018-January 2020). The primary outcome measure was 30-day mortality. A Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with 30-day mortality. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.
resultsOverall, 167 patients with GNB NP were included: 101 with bacteremic NP caused by CR-GNB (n = 39 by KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, n = 29 by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, n = 28 by carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, n = 5 by MBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae) and 66 cases of bacteremic CS-GNB NP. Thirty-day mortality rate was higher in patients with NP caused by CR-GNB compared to those with NPcaused by CS-GNB (46.5% vs 30.3%, p = 0.036). On multivariable analysis, age (HR 1.044, 95% CI 1.021-1.067, p < 0.001), hematological malignancy (HR 4.307, 95% CI 1.924-9.643, p < 0.001) and septic shock (HR 3.668, 95% CI 2.001-6.724, p < 0.001) were factors independently associated with 30-day mortality, while the receipt of adequate antibiotic therapy within 24 h from infection onset (HR 0.495, 95% CI 0.252-0.969, p = 0.04) was a protective factor. Carbapenem resistance was not associated with increased risk of mortality (HR 1.075, 95% CI 0.539-2.142, p = 0.837).
conclusionsPatients with bacteremic NP caused by CR-GNB have high mortality rate. Strategies to reduce the time from infection to the administration of adequate antibiotic therapy should be implemented in patients with NP.
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