Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39643751›Full record

ArticleJournal of cardiovascular translational research2025

Prediction of Major Adverse Limb Events in Females with Peripheral Artery Disease using Blood-Based Biomarkers and Clinical Features.

Ben Li, Hamzah Khan, Farah Shaikh, Abdelrahman Zamzam, Rawand Abdin, Mohammad Qadura

Abstract readValidation Study
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of cardiovascular translational research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Cross-cohort Generalization for Heart Disease Prediction with Explainable AI.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ben Li *Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Hamzah Khan *Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Suite 7-076, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada.
Farah ShaikhDivision of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Suite 7-076, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada.
Abdelrahman ZamzamDivision of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Suite 7-076, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada.
Rawand AbdinDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
Mohammad QaduraDepartment of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. mohammad.qadura@utoronto.ca.ORCID 0000-0003-0893-9920

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The objective of this study was to identify a female-specific prognostic biomarker for peripheral artery disease (PAD) and develop a prediction model for 2-year major adverse limb events (MALE). Patients with/without PAD were recruited (n=461). Plasma concentrations of 68 circulating proteins were measured and patients were followed for 2 years. The primary outcome was MALE (composite of vascular intervention, major amputation, or acute/chronic limb threatening ischemia). We trained a random forest model using: 1) clinical characteristics, 2) female-specific PAD biomarker, and 3) clinical characteristics and female-specific PAD biomarker. Galectin-9 was the only protein to be significantly elevated in females compared to males in the discovery/validation analyses. The random forest model achieved the following AUROC's: 0.72 (clinical features), 0.83 (Galectin-9), and 0.86 (clinical features + Galectin-9). We identified Galectin-9 as a female-specific PAD biomarker and developed an accurate prognostic model for 2-year MALE using a combination of clinical features and plasma Galectin-9 levels.

Indexed as

GalectinsPeripheral Arterial DiseaseAgedAmputation, SurgicalBiomarkersFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPredictive Value of TestsPrognosisReproducibility of ResultsRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSex FactorsTime FactorsBiomarkersGalectinsLGALS9 protein, humanBiomarkersFemaleModelPeripheral artery diseasePrognosis

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.