ArticleJournal of cardiovascular translational research2025
Prediction of Major Adverse Limb Events in Females with Peripheral Artery Disease using Blood-Based Biomarkers and Clinical Features.
Article in Journal of cardiovascular translational research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cross-cohort Generalization for Heart Disease Prediction with Explainable AI.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2026Article
- VEGF as a predictor of major adverse events in patients with peripheral arterial disease - an exploratory study.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2026Article
- Interferon Gamma and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Are Inflammatory Biomarkers for Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Matrix Metalloproteinases 7 and 10 Are Prognostic Biomarkers for Systemic Cardiovascular Risk in Individuals with Peripheral Artery Disease.Biomolecules · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify a female-specific prognostic biomarker for peripheral artery disease (PAD) and develop a prediction model for 2-year major adverse limb events (MALE). Patients with/without PAD were recruited (n=461). Plasma concentrations of 68 circulating proteins were measured and patients were followed for 2 years. The primary outcome was MALE (composite of vascular intervention, major amputation, or acute/chronic limb threatening ischemia). We trained a random forest model using: 1) clinical characteristics, 2) female-specific PAD biomarker, and 3) clinical characteristics and female-specific PAD biomarker. Galectin-9 was the only protein to be significantly elevated in females compared to males in the discovery/validation analyses. The random forest model achieved the following AUROC's: 0.72 (clinical features), 0.83 (Galectin-9), and 0.86 (clinical features + Galectin-9). We identified Galectin-9 as a female-specific PAD biomarker and developed an accurate prognostic model for 2-year MALE using a combination of clinical features and plasma Galectin-9 levels.
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Registered trials
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