ArticleDisability and health journal2025
Intersectional inequities in maternal mortality: Examining the compounded risks for black birthing individuals with physical disabilities.
Article in Disability and health journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Disability, race, and risk of perinatal intimate partner violence: Findings from a nationally representative U.S. sample.Disability and health journal · 2026Article
- Exploring the Lived Experiences of Racialized Parents Accessing Pediatric Rehabilitation Services in Ontario, Canada: Descriptive Case Studies.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Race, ethnicity, and nativity differences in pregnancy and birth outcomes among Medicaid-enrolled women with disabilities.Disability and health journal · 2026Article
- The associations between maternal disability and perinatal outcomes among Black and/or Hispanic women in PRAMS.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Severe Maternal Morbidity at the Intersection of Race and Disability: Evidence of Compounded Disparities in the U.S. Maternal Healthcare System.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Intersectional Disparities in Severe Maternal Morbidity Across the Perinatal Continuum: A Population-Based Analysis.Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC · 2026Article
- A lack of evidence for disability-inclusive maternal health interventions and promising progress: an updated systematic review.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPeople who are Black and have physical disabilities likely face a dual burden of risk for maternal mortality due to enduring systemic oppression rooted in racism and ableism.
objectiveTo investigate maternal mortality risks among Black birthing individuals with physical disabilities in the United States and assess the potential compounding effect when these marginalized identities intersect.
methodsWe conducted a historical cohort study using the 2004-2021 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample. The study included 8,263,997 delivery hospitalizations. We used modified Poisson regression to estimate unadjusted and adjusted relative risks (RR) of maternal mortality by race and physical disability status. We calculated the Relative Excess Risk due to Interaction (RERI) and Attributable Proportion (AP) to assess additive interaction between Black race and physical disability status.
resultsAfter adjusting for covariates, compared to their White birthing individuals, their Black peers experienced about 2.5 times (RR = 1.48,95%CI:2.08-2.96) the risk of maternal mortality. Compared to birthing individuals without physical disabilities, those with physical disabilities experienced nearly 11 times the (RR = 10.72,95%CI:8.15-14.10) risk of maternal mortality. Our adjusted additive interaction analysis revealed a significant super-additive effect (RERI = 11.3; AP = 0.47); suggesting that the combined effect of having both marginalized identities was greater than the sum of the individual effects of each identity.
conclusionsOur findings provide evidence for substantial inequities in maternal mortality by Black race and physical disability status, with evidence of a compounding effect when these marginalized identities intersect. These results underscore the urgent need for intersectional approaches in maternal health interventions and policies.
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