Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39642424›Full record

ReviewCurrent opinion in chemical biology2025

Advances in acid-degradable and enzyme-cleavable linkers for drug delivery.

Sheng Zhao, Na Yu, Hesong Han, Shutao Guo, Niren Murthy

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Current opinion in chemical biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Polymeric Nanocarriers with pH-Dependent Release for Tumor-Specific Delivery.Recent advances in drug delivery and formulation · 2026
    Review
  13. Review
  14. Lysosome as a Chemical Reactor.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  15. Peptide-Drug Conjugates: A New Hope for Cancer.Journal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Society · 2025
    Review
  16. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sheng ZhaoDepartment of Bioengineering and Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Na YuKey Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
Hesong HanDepartment of Bioengineering and Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Shutao GuoKey Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China. Electronic address: stguo@nankai.edu.cn.
Niren MurthyDepartment of Bioengineering and Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California Berkeley, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Electronic address: nmurthy@berkeley.edu.

Funding

HOPE - HIV Obstruction by Programmed EpigeneticsUM1AI164559 · NIAID · J. DAVID GLADSTONE INSTITUTES · PI Lishomwa C Ndhlovu, Melanie Maria Ott · 2021 to 2026
$32.2M
Gene editing in the brain with CRISPR-PEGR01MH125979 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI LEE, HYE YOUNG, MURTHY, NIREN · 2021 to 2025
$3.3M
Development of a Nanoparticle-Based Gene Editing Technology for Neurological ApplicationsUG3NS115599 · NINDS · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI BANKIEWICZ, KRYSTOF S, MURTHY, NIREN · 2019 to 2021
$2.3M
Single-Cell Transcriptomics of Non-Activated Latently Infected T cells Isolated from HIV+ Drug UsersR61DA048444 · NIDA · J. DAVID GLADSTONE INSTITUTES · PI OTT, MELANIE MARIA · 2019 to 2021
$2.0M
Development of a Nanoparticle-Based Gene Editing Technology for Neurological ApplicationsUH3NS115599 · NINDS · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI BANKIEWICZ, KRYSTOF S, MURTHY, NIREN · 2022 to 2022
$1.6M
NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI164559NIDA NIH HHS R61 DA048444NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH125979NINDS NIH HHS UG3 NS115599NINDS NIH HHS UH3 NS115599
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Drug delivery vectors have the potential to improve the efficacy of therapeutics, including small molecules and nucleic acid-based drugs. However, challenges remain in developing linkages that enable the precise and efficient release of therapeutic cargo in response to mildly acidic environments or lysosomal enzymes. This review highlights recent advances in acid-degradable acetal/ketal and enzyme-cleavable linkages for endolysosomal release. These innovations include the developments of azido-acetal linkers with improved stability and hydrolysis kinetics, organocatalytic trans-isopropenylation for synthesizing asymmetric ketals and their applications in drug delivery, and enzyme-cleavable linkers activated by cathepsin B or β-galactosidase.

Indexed as

AcidsDrug CarriersDrug Delivery SystemsAnimalsbeta-GalactosidaseCathepsin BHumansLysosomesAcidsbeta-GalactosidaseCathepsin BDrug CarriersAcetal linkerAcid-degradable linkageAzido-acetal linkerCathepsin BDrug deliveryEnzyme-cleavable linkageβ-galactosidase

Identifiers

PMID39642424
PMCPMC11788058

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.