ArticlePreventive medicine reports2024
Anger and associated risk and protective factors among rural American adolescents: Implications for violence prevention.
Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Externalized anger as a mediator of harsh parenting and substance use among Appalachian adolescents.Addictive behaviors reports · 2026Article
- Factors associated with externalized anger among early adolescents in rural Appalachia: A conceptual proposition with implications for violence prevention.Archives of psychiatric nursing · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Adolescent violence in the United States is a prevalent public health problem and is understudied in rural settings. Anger is a significant risk factor for adolescent violence. To better craft adolescent violence interventions, it is important to examine anger and identify its most significant associated factors. Aims: This study examined (1) self-reported anger changes over time for rural American adolescents; and (2) structural, community, interpersonal, and individual level factors that may contribute to anger. Methods: We analyzed self-reported survey data from West Virginian middle schoolers ( Analysis: Generalized estimating equation Poisson regression models for main effects and gender interaction were used. Parameter estimates were exponentiated and interpreted as Rate Ratios (RR). Self-reported gender was an effect modifier. Results: Significant main effects included perceived inequality (RR = 0.98, 95 % CI = 0.97-0.99), SES (RR = 0.99, 95 % CI = 0.98-0.99), supportive adults at school (RR = 0.99, 95 % CI = 0.98-0.99), primary caregiver support (RR = 0.99, 95 % CI = 0.98-0.99), and harsh parenting (RR = 1.10, 95 % CI = 1.05-1.05). Significant gender interaction terms included perceived harsh parenting (RR = 0.98, 95 % CI = 0.97-0.99) and supportive adults at school (RR = 1.01, 95 % CI = 1.00-1.02) for 'other' genders (i.e., participants identifying as neither boy nor girl) compared to boys. Conclusions: Findings underline the importance of examining rural adolescent anger development and associated risk factors for designing prevention approaches to curb downstream violent behavior.
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