SynthesisAddiction (Abingdon, England)2025
Associations of smoke-free policies in multi-unit housing with smoking behavior and second-hand smoke exposure: A systematic review.
Synthesis in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Associations of smoke-free policies in multi-unit housing with smoking behavior and second-hand smoke exposure: A systematic review.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Associations of smoking and second-hand smoke exposure with obesity and obstructive sleep apnoea risk in Tuvalu.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Secondhand smoke exposure among patients with coronary heart disease in a tertiary Grade A hospital in China: A qualitative study of lived experience and sociocultural challenges.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Urban health inequities and healthy longevity: traditional and emerging risk factors across the cities and policy implications.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimAlthough considerable progress has been made regarding the implementation of smoke-free policies (SFPs), many people continue to be exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS) in the home environment. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review on the association of SFPs in multi-unit housing (MUH) with smoking behavior and SHS exposure.
methodsIn August 2022, we searched five online databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO and CENTRAL. Keywords included terms for SFPs, MUH, smoking behavior and exposure to SHS. We searched for studies that focused on regular combustible cigarettes. Due to the high heterogeneity in methodology and outcomes of the included studies, a meta-analysis was not performed.
resultsOur search yielded 4750 articles. All of them were screened (24 based on full-text), and 17 met the inclusion criteria. All studies were published between 2001 and 2022. Most studies were conducted in the United States (n = 16) and used a cross-sectional design (n = 7) or a longitudinal design (n = 7). Seven studies evaluated smoking behavior. Five of them reported that SFPs in MUH were statistically significantly associated with decreases in either current smoking, smoking quantity, smoking frequency or smoking cessation. Fourteen studies evaluated exposure to SHS. Ten reported that SFPs in MUH were statistically significantly associated with decreases in self-reported exposure to SHS, airborne nicotine levels and particulate matter levels.
conclusionsSmoke-free policies in multi-unit housing appear to be associated with reduced smoking behavior and second-hand smoke exposure. Successful implementation depends on accessible cessation support and effective enforcement.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.