Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39638756›Full record

ReviewVeterinary clinical pathology2025

Harnessing artificial intelligence for enhanced veterinary diagnostics: A look to quality assurance, Part I Model development.

Christina Pacholec, Bente Flatland, Hehuang Xie, Kurt Zimmerman

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Veterinary clinical pathology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Agreement of Multimodal Large Language Models and Novice Readers With Expert-Based Radiographic Scoring of Presumptive Septic Carpal Arthritis in Calves.Veterinary radiology & ultrasound : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Christina PacholecDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0535-1569
Bente FlatlandDepartment of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0956-5895
Hehuang XieDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
Kurt ZimmermanDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.

Funding

American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation 03102-AMorris Animal Foundation D24CA-405Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Memorial Fund
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformative potential in veterinary pathology in tasks ranging from cell enumeration and cancer detection to prognosis forecasting, virtual staining techniques, and individually tailored treatment plans. Preclinical testing and validation of AI systems (AIS) are critical to ensure diagnostic safety, efficacy, and dependability. In this two-part series, challenges such as the AI chasm (ie, the discrepancy between the AIS model performance in research settings and real-world applications) and ethical considerations (data privacy, algorithmic bias) are reviewed and underscore the importance of tailored quality assurance measures that address the nuances of AI in veterinary pathology. This review advocates for a multidisciplinary approach to AI development and implementation, focusing on image-based tasks, highlighting the necessity for collaboration across veterinarians, computer scientists, and ethicists to successfully navigate the complex landscape of using AI in veterinary medicine. It calls for a concerted effort to bridge the AI chasm by addressing technical, ethical, and regulatory challenges, facilitating AI integration into veterinary pathology. The future of veterinary pathology must balance harnessing AI's potential while intentionally mitigating its risks, ensuring the welfare of animals and the integrity of the veterinary profession are safeguarded. Part I of this review focuses on considerations for model development, and Part II focuses on external validation of AI.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligencePathology, VeterinaryQuality Assurance, Health CareVeterinary MedicineAnimals

Identifiers

PMID39638756
PMCPMC12852972

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.