ArticleBMJ open2024
Cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in Tunisia: a modelling study.
Article in BMJ open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Financing of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Africa: A Scoping Review.Health science reports · 2026Review
- Review
- Cervical Cancer Screening in Transition: Global Challenges and Local Realities.International journal of women's health · 2026Review
- Supply, demand and use of economic evidence in vaccine policymaking in Africa: A scoping review.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Primary and Secondary Prophylaxis for Diseases Caused by Human Papillomavirus Infections.Journal of cancer prevention · 2025Review
- HPV DNA screening and vaccination strategies in Tunisia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe objective of this study is to assess the cost utility of the implementation of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme in Tunisia in addition to the current cytology screening strategy. This study is very important to guide health policy decision-makers and to help them allocate their scarce healthcare resources.
designWe used a previously described Markov model on the Online Cost Effectiveness Analysis tool programmed with R Software. The Markov cohort model was used to simulate the natural history of HPV infection and cervical cancer for a cohort of 100 000 females aged from 10 to 84 years. The model was calibrated with Tunisian parameters to calculate the long-term health benefits and costs of different cervical cancer preventive strategies in Tunisia. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of the implementation of HPV vaccination to the current cytology screening strategy to fight against cervical cancer. The ICER was calculated per life-years saved and per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained, expressed in 2020 US$. Thresholds were fixed at one to three times the gross domestic product (GDP). One-way sensitivity analyses were carried out concerning the coverage rate of the cytology screening and vaccination as well as for the vaccination cost and doses.
resultsCompared with screening alone, the combined strategy predicted an ICER of US$1920.8 year of life saved and US$2239.3/QALY which is still lower than the GDP per capita of Tunisia in 2020 (US$3319). Sensitivity analysis showed that the cost-effectiveness of adding vaccination to the existing screening programme did not exceed the GDP per capita by varying the cost per dose upwards to US$45 (ICER would be US$2910/QALY) and vaccination coverage up to 100% (ICER of US$3245/QALY). However, the combined strategy exceeds the GDP per capita threshold when the cytological screening coverage rises to 70%, causing the ICER to rise to US$4787/QALY.
conclusionThis study showed that compared with screening alone, the implementation of HPV vaccination in addition to the current cytology screening programme in Tunisia would be considered cost-effective on the basis of the threshold GDP per capita. Improvement of the current screening programme itself also remains important and provides further potential to achieve optimal cervical cancer prevention strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.