ArticleClinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association2025
The Impact and Interactions of Race and Gender on Healthcare Use and Spending in Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
Article in Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cost-of-Illness of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Pooled it
- Article
- Health Disparities in Irritable Bowel Syndrome.Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Article
- Effects of Sex and Race on Epidemiology and Comorbidities of Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Rome III Era Retrospective Study.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsStudies examining the effects of social determinants of health on healthcare use in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are scarce. We aimed to assess healthcare spending among different racial/ethnic groups and genders in adults with IBS.
methodsWe performed a retrospective cohort analysis of adults diagnosed with IBS between 2016 and 2021 using Optum's de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart database. We analyzed total annual and IBS-specific costs, utilization and costs of individual services, and prescriptions. We compared outcomes across racial/ethnic groups and by gender after adjusting for covariates and examined race-gender interactions.
resultsAmong 95,319 adults with IBS, healthcare spending varied significantly by race and gender. Total all-cause and IBS-specific costs were lower in men than in women and in Asian and Hispanic patients than in White patients. Compared with White patients, Black patients had higher total IBS-specific costs, all-cause prescription costs, IBS-related radiology and laboratory costs, and emergency department (ED) care, while Asian and Hispanic patients incurred lower costs for ED care, hospitalizations, and all-cause prescriptions. Endoscopy costs were lower in racial minority groups. Women had higher spending for most services compared with men, but gender differences in most IBS-related services were small. All-cause hospitalization and endoscopy costs were higher in men, but IBS-specific hospitalization and endoscopy costs were higher in women. Gender disparities in all-cause individual services also varied by race.
conclusionsOverall and IBS-related spending is higher in women, but gender differences in IBS-related care are small. Racial/ethnic comparisons show reduced spending in Asian and Hispanic patients, increased ED care in Black patients, and variations in spending patterns. Gender disparities differ by race.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.