SynthesisJournal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews2024
The Use of 3-Dimensional Modeling and Printing in Corrective Osteotomies of the Malunited Pediatric Forearm: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Three-Dimensional Planning and Patient-Specific Instruments in Complex Forearm Malunion.Journal of wrist surgery · 2026Article
- Pediatric Both Bone Forearm Fractures: Re-evaluating Unacceptable Alignment and Remodeling Potential in Children up to 11 Years Old.Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America · 2026Article
- Digital three-dimensional planning combined with 3D-printed patient-specific guide-assisted step-cut osteotomy for correction of old cubitus varus deformity: a case report.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
introductionForearm fractures contribute up to 40% of all pediatric fractures, with ≤39% of conservatively managed fractures resulting in malunion. Surgical management of malunion is challenging as precise calculation of multiplanar correction is required to obtain optimal outcomes. Advances in 3D computer modeling and printing have shown promising results in orthopaedics, reducing surgical time, blood loss, and fluoroscopy. This systematic review and meta-analysis are the first to explore the accuracy and functional outcome of 3D techniques in pediatric diaphyseal forearm malunion correction.
methodsA systematic review was carried out according to PRISMA guidelines.
resultsSixteen studies (44 patients) were included. Average 2D residual deformity was 1.84° (SD=1.68°). The average gain in range of movement (ROM) was 76.08° (SD=41.75°), with a statistically significant difference between osteotomies ≤12 months from injury and >12 months (96.36° vs. 64.91°, P = 0.027). Below a 2D residual deformity of 5.28°, no statistically significant difference on gain of ROM was found, indicating this as a nonconsequential residual deformity (P = 0.778). Multivariate regression analysis showed that 2D residual deformity and time to osteotomy only account for 6.3% gain in ROM, indicating that there are more factors to be researched.
conclusionThis study found superior accuracy of 3D techniques, reporting lower residual deformities than published standard osteotomy data; however, the volume of literature was limited. Larger studies are required to explore additional factors that influence accuracy and ROM, such as 3D residual deformity and the effect of particular 3D printed adjuncts. This will aid clarity in determining superiority and improve cost-effectiveness.
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