ArticlePloS one2024
The bionomics of Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus inside local houses and their implications for vector control strategies in areas with high coverage of insecticide-treated nets in South-eastern Tanzania.
Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Integrating zooprophylaxis, insecticide-treated livestock and mosquito nets for malaria control: a One Health proposal.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2026Review
- Outdoor biting by malaria vectors: what are the options for intervention?Malaria journal · 2025Review
- Insecticide resistance and malaria transmission indicators in Anopheles gambiae s.l. in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso: implications for vector control strategies.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- Malaria outbreak prediction at the sub-district level in Zambia using remote sensing satellite data.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Characterization ofInsects · 2025Article
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10 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundResidual malaria transmissions in Africa may be associated with improved coverage of insecticide-treated nets, house features, and livestock husbandry. These human-land use activities may drive the ecology and behaviour of malaria vectors which sustain residual malaria transmission. This study was conducted to assess changes in the ecology and behaviour of Anopheles funestus and Anopheles arabiensis in villages with high coverage of insecticide-treated nets to guide the selection of complementary vector control strategies against residual malaria transmission.
methodsMosquitoes were collected using a CDC-light trap, miniaturized double net trap, and Prokopack aspirator from 222 households in three villages (Ebuyu, Chirombora, and Mzelezi) within Kilombero Valley. Anopheles mosquitoes were morphologically identified to their physiological status and species-complex levels. A sub-sample of Anopheles mosquitoes was exposed to laboratory analyses of sibling species, host preference, and sporozoite rates. Additionally, the local houses were geo-referenced using Global Positioning Systems (GPS) devise, and house features were recorded and associated with vector abundance.
resultsThe population of An. funestus s.s was abundant with high Plasmodium sporozoite rates inside houses compared to An. arabiensis. However, these vector species equally blood-fed on humans inside houses, but they also flexibly mixed human and animal blood meal. Fewer An. funestus were caught in houses with metal- than grass roofs and houses with and without animals. Contrastingly, fewer An. arabiensis were caught from houses with screened eaves compared to houses with open eaves.
conclusionsThis study confirms that An. funestus dominates residual malaria transmission over An. arabiensis. These vector species exhibit anthropophily and opportunistic blood-feeding behaviour in areas with high coverage of insecticide-treated nets, but they numerically respond differently to local house improvements. These results imply that integrating mosquito-proof houses, improved insecticide-treated nets, and livestock-based interventions could effectively reduce and eventually eliminate residual malaria transmission.
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