ArticlePloS one2024
Trends and determinants of caesarean section in South Asian countries: Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan.
Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association between caesarean birth and childhood acute respiratory infection in low- and middle-income countries: a meta-analysis of population-based data.BMC medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Estimating the prevalence of vaginal birth after cesarean section and repeat cesarean section: An analysis of nationally representative household surveys in 59 low- and middle-income countries.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
- From medical necessity to private-sector dominance: a two-decade evolution of caesarean section determinants in Bangladesh (2004-2022).Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Regional and demographic disparities in low-risk hospital deliveries in Brazil's Public Health System.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic trends associated with caesarean delivery in rural subdistricts of Bangladesh: a cohort study, 2005-2019.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Does community pressure matter in cesarean deliveries in Bangladesh? An analysis of nationally representative surveys.PloS one · 2025Article
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5 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe prevalence of caesarean sections (C-sections) has remarkably increased in the past few decades worldwide, especially in the lower and middle-income countries (LMICs). To our best knowledge, no studies focused on and compared the C-section scenarios of Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan based on the latest demographic and health survey (DHS) data.
objectivesTo assess the trends and factors associated with C-sections in the three South Asian countries. STUDY POPULATION: Mothers aged 15-49 years participated in DHS 1990 to 2017-2018 and gave birth within three years of each of the surveys in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis study analyzed data from five recent DHS rounds in Bangladesh and four in Nepal and Pakistan. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between C-sections and sociodemographic characteristics.
resultsThe results show that institutional delivery and C-sections have increased throughout the period in all three countries. In Bangladesh, the hospital birth rate increased from 10.0% in 2004 to 49.9% in 2017, and the corresponding figures [S1 Appendix: Figure A1 and Figure A2] for C-sections increased from 3.5% to 32.8%. In Nepal, the hospital birth rate increased from 11.0% in 2001 to 58.6% in 2016, and the C-sections from 0.8% to 11.0%. Pakistan observed a sharp increase from 13.7% to 66.3% and 2.7% to 22.3% in the respective cases from 1990 to 2017. Results from regression reveal that the mother's age, place of residence, education, partner's education, wealth status, birth order, number of antenatal care visits, and body mass index are associated with C-section deliveries in all three countries.
conclusionsOur findings regarding the association of sociodemographic factors with increased C-sections may help identify subgroups of women susceptible to C-sections and offer better support regarding C-sections plans. However, the substantial increase in C-sections across the three countries warrants further investigation to identify the reasons.
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