ArticleRadiology. Cardiothoracic imaging2024
Reliability of 4D Flow MRI for Investigation of Fetal Cardiovascular Hemodynamics in the Third Trimester.
Article in Radiology. Cardiothoracic imaging, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cardiac mechanotransduction from development to disease.APL bioengineering · 2026Review
- Following the flow: in vivo imaging of fetal foramen ovale physiology using four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging with doppler ultrasound gating.Radiology case reports · 2026Article
- The role of magnetic resonance imaging in fetal congenital heart disease.Pediatric radiology · 2025Review
- Highly accelerated 4D flow MRI with respiratory compensation and cardiac view sharing: a cross-sectional study of flow in the great vessels of pediatric congenital heart disease.Pediatric radiology · 2025Article
- Third trimester fetal 4D flow MRI with motion correction.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose To provide reference values for four-dimensional (4D) flow MRI in healthy fetuses and evaluate reliability of fetal 4D flow MRI hemodynamics in third trimester fetuses with normal cardiovascular development or suspected coarctation of the aorta (CoA). Materials and Methods Pregnant patients with healthy fetuses or fetuses with echocardiographic concern for CoA were prospectively recruited between May 2021 and October 2023. Doppler US-gated fetal 4D flow MRI was performed at 3 T. Repeated 4D flow (time permitting) and two-dimensional (2D) phase contrast (PC) MRI data were acquired. Net flow was quantified, and the reliability of 4D flow measurement was evaluated by using precision across adjacent measurement planes, internal consistency based on conservation of mass, comparison of net flow from 4D flow MRI versus 2D PC MRI, and repeatability of 4D flow from separate acquisitions. Results Data were obtained in 34 pregnant participants (mean maternal age, 33 years ± 5 [SD]; mean gestational age, 35 weeks ± 2;
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