ArticleCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2025
Significant Disparities in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Outcomes by Race/Ethnicity and Sociodemographic Factors.
Article in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Longitudinal Adherence to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance and Associated Outcomes Following Ultrasound Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (US LI-RADS) Implementation.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Related Mortality Trends Associated With Infective Versus Non-Infective Etiologies in ≥ 35 Years Age Group.Gastroenterology research · 2026Article
- The global epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma.Hepatology communications · 2026Review
- Modality-Specific and Multilevel Barriers to Curative Treatment for Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Liver cancer · 2026Article
- Disparities in Diagnosis, Management, and Outcomes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review of Global and Sociodemographic Factors.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) disproportionately affects racial/ethnic minorities. We evaluated the impact of income and geography on racial/ethnic disparities across the HCC care cascade in the United States.
methodsUsing NCI registry data spanning 2000 to 2020, adults with HCC were evaluated to determine race/ethnicity-specific differences in tumor stage at diagnosis, delays and gaps in treatment, and survival. Adjusted regression models evaluated predictors of HCC outcomes.
resultsAmong 112,389 adults with HCC, cohort characteristics were as follows: 49.8% non-Hispanic White (NHW), 12.0% African American(AA), 20.5% Hispanic, 16.5% Asian/Pacific Islander, and 1.1% American Indian/Alaska Native. Compared with NHW patients, AA patients had lower odds of localized-stage HCC at diagnosis [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 0.84], lower odds of HCC treatment receipt (aOR, 0.77), greater odds of treatment delays (aOR, 1.12), and significantly greater risk of death [adjusted hazards ratio (aHR), 1.10]. Compared with NHW patients from large metro areas, AA patients from large metro areas had 8% higher mortality risk (aHR, 1.08), whereas AA patients from small-medium metro areas had 17% higher mortality risk (aHR, 1.17; all P < 0.05).
conclusionsAmong a population-based cohort of US adults with HCC, significant race/ethnicity-specific disparities across the HCC care continuum were observed. Lower household income and more rural geography among racial/ethnic minorities are also associated with disparities in HCC outcomes, particularly among AA patients. IMPACT: Our study shows that lower income and less urban/more rural geography among racial/ethnic minorities are also associated with disparities in HCC outcomes, particularly among AA patients with HCC. This contextualizes the complex relationship between sociodemographic factors and HCC outcomes through an intersectional lens.
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