ArticleAutism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research2025
Cognitive flexibility in autism: How task predictability and sex influence performances.
Article in Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A network meta-analysis of the effects of different rehabilitation intervention strategies on executive function in children and adolescents.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Diametrically opposed sex-specific effects of autistic traits on risk-taking in poker.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Misophonia symptom severity is linked to impaired flexibility and heightened rumination.British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953) · 2026Article
- Acoustic analysis of vowel production in adults with autism spectrum disorder: beyond the notion of a unitary autistic voice.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of a Therapist-Managed Video-Modeling Smartphone Application for Self-Care Training for Children With Autism and Their Parents: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Specific dynamic facial expression evoked responses show distinct perceptual and attentional features in autism connected to social communication and GABA phenotypes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Cognitive flexibility in autism: How task predictability and sex influence performances.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025Article
- Time course of indirect reply comprehension in the young and older adults: an event-related potential study.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Sensory-movement underpinnings of lifelong neurodivergence: getting a grip on autism.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
While cognitive flexibility challenges are frequently reported in autistic individuals, inconsistencies in the findings prompt further investigation into the factors influencing this flexibility. We suggest that unique aspects of the predictive brain in autistic individuals might contribute to these challenges, potentially varying by sex. Our study aimed to test these hypotheses by examining cognitive flexibility under different predictability conditions in a sample including a similar number of males and females. We conducted an online study with 263 adults (127 with an autism diagnosis), where participants completed a flexibility task under varying levels of predictability (unpredictable, moderately predictable, and predictable). Our results indicate that as task predictability increases, performance improves; however, the response time gap between autistic and non-autistic individuals also widens. Moreover, we observe significant differences between autistic males and females, which differ from non-autistic individuals, highlighting the need to consider sex differences in research related to the cognition of autistic individuals. Overall, our findings contribute to a better understanding of cognitive flexibility and sex differences in autism in light of predictive brain theories and suggest avenues for further research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.