Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39635884›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society2025

World Stroke Organization: Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2025.

Valery L Feigin, Michael Brainin, Bo Norrving, Sheila O Martins, Jeyaraj Pandian, Patrice Lindsay, Maria F Grupper, Ilari Rautalin

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07384650 (Post-discharge Nurse-led Rehabilitation to Improve Functional Activity and Community Participation Among Stroke-Patients in Bangladesh), which is not on this map. Cited by 739 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
739citing papers in PubMed, 13 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07384650 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Post-discharge Nurse-led Rehabilitation to Improve Functional Activity and Community Participation Among Stroke-Patients in Bangladesh: A Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorHiroshima UniversityRan2026 to 2026Enrolled166ConditionsStrokeArmsin daily routine practice
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

739 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  11. Does illicit drug use increase stroke risk? A systematic review, meta-analyses, and Mendelian randomization analysis.International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society · 2026
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  15. Prehospital neuroprotectant in combination with post-arrival thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Secondary analysis of the FAST-MAG prehospital trial.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2026
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679 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Valery L FeiginNational Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0002-6372-1740
Michael BraininDepartment of Clinical Neurosciences, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria.ORCID 0000-0001-8363-4962
Bo NorrvingSection of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
Sheila O MartinsDepartment of Neurology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre and Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Jeyaraj PandianDepartment of Neurology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Ludhiana, India.ORCID 0000-0003-0028-1968
Patrice LindsayHeart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-2584-8580
Maria F GrupperWorld Stroke Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Ilari RautalinNational Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAmong non-communicable disorders (NCDs), stroke remains the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of death and disability combined (as expressed by disability-adjusted life-years lost-DALYs) in the world.

aimsThe study was aimed to estimate global, regional and nationa burden of stroke and its risk factors from 1990 to 2021.

methodsFinding presented in this paper were derived mainly from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 Study on stroke burden published in The Lancet Neurology 2024:23:973-1003.

resultsThe estimated global cost of stroke is over US$890 billion (0.66% of the global GDP). From 1990 to 2021, the burden (in terms of the absolute number of cases) increased substantially (70.0% increase in incident strokes, 44.0% deaths from stroke, 86.0% prevalent strokes, and 32% DALYs), with the bulk of the global stroke burden (87.0% of deaths and 89.0% of DALYs) residing in lower-income and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). Stroke attributable to metabolic risks constituted 69.0% of all strokes, environmental risks constituted 37.0%, and behavioral risks constituted 35.0%.

conclusionThis World Stroke Organization (WSO) Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2025 provides the most updated information that can be used to inform communication with all internal and external stakeholders; all statistics have been reviewed and approved for use by the WSO Executive Committee and leaders from the Global Burden of Disease research group.

Indexed as

Global HealthStrokeCost of IllnessDisability-Adjusted Life YearsGlobal Burden of DiseaseHumansRisk FactorsincidencemortalityprevalencestatisticsStroketransient ischemic attack

Identifiers

PMID39635884
PMCPMC11786524

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.