ArticleNanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)2024
Frequency down-conversion of terahertz waves at optically induced temporal boundaries in GaAs waveguides.
Article in Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- State-variable analysis of pulsed EM-fields in temporally layered media.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Universal transient radiation dynamics by abrupt and soft temporal transitions in optical waveguides.Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Article
- Ultrafast pulse propagation time-domain dynamics in dispersive one-dimensional photonic waveguides.Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
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Abstract
In this study, the frequency down-conversion of terahertz waves is analytically and experimentally demonstrated at the temporal boundaries within a GaAs waveguide. The temporal boundary is established by photoexciting the top surface of the waveguide, thereby instantaneously increasing its electrical conductivity. This photoexcited waveguide supports a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode with a frequency lower than those of the transverse magnetic (TM) modes present in the original waveguide. At the temporal boundary, the incident TM mode couples with the TEM mode, resulting in frequency down-conversion. Subtracting the propagation loss from the frequency-converted components indicates that the frequency conversion occurs with an efficiency consistent with the analytical predictions. The propagation loss is primarily due to ohmic loss, caused by the finite electrical conductivity of the photoexcited region. Given that the frequency of transverse electric modes is up-converted at the temporal boundary, our findings suggest that the direction of frequency conversion (upward or downward) can be controlled by manipulating the incident polarization. The polarization-dependent frequency conversion in waveguides holds significant potential for applications in devices designed for the interconversion of terahertz signals across various frequency channels. This capability is instrumental in the development of frequency-division-multiplexed terahertz wave communication systems, thereby enabling high data transfer rates.
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