Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39633723›Full record

ArticleNAR genomics and bioinformatics2024

Bilingual language model for protein sequence and structure.

Michael Heinzinger, Konstantin Weissenow, Joaquin Gomez Sanchez, Adrian Henkel, Milot Mirdita, Martin Steinegger, Burkhard Rost

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NAR genomics and bioinformatics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 187 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
187citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

187 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. A structure-aware generative AI framework for revealing functional relationships in protein families.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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  12. Review
  13. Contrastive learning unites sequence and structure in a global representation of protein space.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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  15. Extensive library ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026
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127 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Michael HeinzingerSchool of Computation, Information, and Technology (CIT), Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, TUM (Technical University of Munich), 85748 Garching/Munich, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9601-3580
Konstantin WeissenowSchool of Computation, Information, and Technology (CIT), Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, TUM (Technical University of Munich), 85748 Garching/Munich, Germany.
Joaquin Gomez SanchezSchool of Computation, Information, and Technology (CIT), Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, TUM (Technical University of Munich), 85748 Garching/Munich, Germany.
Adrian HenkelSchool of Computation, Information, and Technology (CIT), Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, TUM (Technical University of Munich), 85748 Garching/Munich, Germany.
Milot MirditaSchool of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, South Korea.
Martin SteineggerSchool of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, South Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8781-9753
Burkhard RostSchool of Computation, Information, and Technology (CIT), Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, TUM (Technical University of Munich), 85748 Garching/Munich, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Adapting language models to protein sequences spawned the development of powerful protein language models (pLMs). Concurrently, AlphaFold2 broke through in protein structure prediction. Now we can systematically and comprehensively explore the dual nature of proteins that act and exist as three-dimensional (3D) machines and evolve as linear strings of one-dimensional (1D) sequences. Here, we leverage pLMs to simultaneously model both modalities in a single model. We encode protein structures as token sequences using the 3Di-alphabet introduced by the 3D-alignment method

Identifiers

PMID39633723
PMCPMC11616678

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.