Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39633475›Full record

ArticleParasites & vectors2024

First detection of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Western Australia using molecular diagnostics and morphological identification.

Kimberly L Evasco, Craig Brockway, Tamara Falkingham, Margaret Hall, Nerida G Wilson, Abbey Potter

Erratum issuedAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Parasites & vectors, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Kimberly L EvascoEnvironmental Health Directorate, Western Australia Department of Health, 37 Kensington Street, East Perth, Perth, Western Australia, 6004, Australia. Kimberly.Evasco@health.wa.gov.au.
Craig BrockwayEnvironmental Health Directorate, Western Australia Department of Health, 37 Kensington Street, East Perth, Perth, Western Australia, 6004, Australia.
Tamara FalkinghamEnvironmental Health Directorate, Western Australia Department of Health, 37 Kensington Street, East Perth, Perth, Western Australia, 6004, Australia.
Margaret HallEnvironmental Health Directorate, Western Australia Department of Health, 37 Kensington Street, East Perth, Perth, Western Australia, 6004, Australia.
Nerida G WilsonSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
Abbey PotterEnvironmental Health Directorate, Western Australia Department of Health, 37 Kensington Street, East Perth, Perth, Western Australia, 6004, Australia. Abbey.Potter@health.wa.gov.au.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCulex tritaeniorhynchus has long been considered the primary vector of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), but until recently, it was considered exotic to Australia. When the species was detected in the country's Northern Territory (NT) for the first time, the Western Australia (WA) Department of Health was cognisant of the risk it posed to the State because of the shared border and continuous mosquito habitat adjoining the two jurisdictions. The aim of this study was to undertake intensive mosquito surveillance in the Kimberley region to ascertain whether Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was present in WA, define the extent of its distribution and undertake phylogenetic analysis of select specimens to support hypothesized routes of entry into the state.

methodsCarbon dioxide (CO

resultsFrom 31 March 2021 to 30 May 2024, a total of 211 female Cx. tritaeniorhynchus specimens were collected from 21 unique trap sites in the Kimberley's Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley (SWEK). Four COI DNA barcode regions were amplified and successfully sequenced for analysis. These sequences fell within a clade recognised as Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and specifically all sequences were in a clade with other specimens from the NT and Timor-Leste.

conclusionsThis study represents the first detection of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in WA. Given the widespread nature of trap sites that yielded the species and consecutive seasons over which it was observed, the authors surmise that Cx. tritaeniorhynchus is now established within the northeast Kimberley region. The findings are significant given the detection of the species coincides with the first significant outbreak of JEV activity on mainland Australia involving an estimated 45 human cases of Japanese encephalitis, 80 impacted commercial piggeries and widespread feral pig activity. Although the role that Cx. tritaeniorhynchus may play in JEV transmission into the future is not yet understood, it presents a potential risk to public health in the region.

Indexed as

CulexMosquito VectorsPhylogenyAnimalsElectron Transport Complex IVEncephalitis, JapaneseEncephalitis Virus, JapaneseFemaleWestern AustraliaElectron Transport Complex IVDNA barcodeEncephalitis virusExotic mosquitoSurveillance

Identifiers

PMID39633475
PMCPMC11616137

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.