ArticleBMC ophthalmology2024
SMILE and ICL implantation on the ocular surface and meibomian glands in patients with postoperative myopia.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Research progress on postoperative higher-order aberrations after ICL implantation: patterns of change, influencing factors, and associated visual disturbances.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Effect of Strabismus Surgery on Meibomian Glands, Ocular Surface Parameters, and Conjunctival Impression Cytology.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Subjective and objective changes in visual quality after implantable collamer lens implantation for myopia.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Delayed uveitis after implantable Collamer lens Implantation caused by COVID-19 infection: a case report.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundObjectively compare the changes in ocular surface parameters in myopic patients who have undergone either SMILE or Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL V4c) surgery.
methodsThis prospective cohort study enrolled 32 patients (32 eyes) undergoing SMILE surgery and 35 patients (35 eyes) receiving ICL V4c intraocular lenses. Examinations were performed at preoperative, 1-week, 1-month, and 3-month postoperative time points. The assessments included Schirmer's I Test (SIt), First Non-Invasive Break-Up Time (First-NIBUT), Average Non-Invasive Break-Up Time (Average-NIBUT), Tear Meniscus Height (TMH), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score, conjunctival congestion score, meibomian gland loss score, lipid layer analysis score, lid margin opening detection score, and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) score.
resultsRepeated measures ANOVA revealed that SIT, TMH, and First-NIBUT initially decreased and then increased. At three months, SIT levels in the SMILE group were significantly lower than those in the ICL group. From the first month onward, TMH levels in the SMILE group remained significantly lower than those in the ICL group (P < 0.05). OSDI scores initially rose and then fell, with the SMILE group consistently showing higher OSDI levels than the ICL group. Conjunctival congestion scores in the SMILE group fluctuated less, while the ICL group exhibited a clear downward trend, with significant differences starting from the first week (P < 0.05). Over time, scores for meibomian gland loss, lipid layer analysis, and lid margin opening detection were all higher in the SMILE group compared to the ICL group.
conclusionsSMILE surgery has a more pronounced and prolonged impact on the ocular surface and meibomian gland function compared to ICL implantation. Objective dry eye parameters in the ICL group recover more quickly than those in the SMILE group one month post-surgery.
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