ArticleInternational ophthalmology2024
Clinical and molecular investigation of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreak in North India (2023).
Article in International ophthalmology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Ethical reporting and oversight in outbreak investigations conducted in India, 2015-2025: a systematic review.BMC medical ethics · 2026Pooled it
- Conjunctivitis outbreak associated with Enterovirus Type C in Luzira Prisons, Uganda, February-April 2024.IJID regions · 2026Article
- A rare and first report of Ochrobactrum intermedium co-infection in coxsackievirus-A24-infected acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis patients.Folia microbiologica · 2025Article
- Incidence of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Chongqing: a forecasting study based on mathematical models.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe study aims to investigate an outbreak of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) reported in North India.
methodsAll patients presenting to the outpatient clinic department with signs and symptoms (symptoms onset within 36 h) of AHC were enrolled in the study. The conjunctival swab samples were tested for the presence of enteroviruses and adenoviruses. Detailed clinical features of all positive patients were noted. Representative enterovirus-positive samples were sequenced for viral; protein 1 (VP1) gene for type identification. The sequences were analysed by the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) software and enterovirus genotyping tool v1.0. A maximum likelihood tree was constructed using MEGA11.
resultsOut of 133 samples tested, 75.1% (n = 100) samples were positive for enterovirus by real-time PCR. The average duration of onset was 16.9 h. Subconjunctival haemorrhage was observed in 67% of the patients, while 30% of cases had conjunctival chemosis. The causative agent of the current outbreak was identified as Coxsackievirus A24v G-IV. A sequence homology of 96-99% and pairwise distance divergence of 2.9% was observed between study sequences and recent sequences of China outbreak. Mutation analysis showed four common mutations (T281C, A311G, T332C, and T395C) with those of Chinese sequences, however no new mutations were identified in current study sequences, suggesting a close relatedness to CVA24 sequences from China.
conclusionsCoxsackievirus A24v continues to be an important agent of Acute Haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in North India. In view of its highly contagious nature, effective and timely public health measures are required to limit its spread.
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