ReviewJournal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing2025
Outcomes of concurrent and delayed leadless pacemaker implantation following extraction of infected cardiovascular implantable electronic device.
Review in Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Diagnostic and Management Challenges in a Non-Infectious Pacemaker Pocket Swelling: A Case Report and Literature Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sex-specific short- and long-term outcomes in patients with leadless cardiac pacemakers.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026Observational
- First Reported Case of Infection Involving a Leadless Atrial Pacemaker.JACC. Case reports · 2026Article
- Atrial helix-fixation leadless pacemaker: real-world single-chamber implant experience.Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe optimal reimplantation strategies following the removal of infected cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) remain inadequately understood. Given the limitations and risks associated with traditional approaches, the investigation of alternative devices, such as leadless pacemakers (LPs), has gained attention due to their potentially lower infection risk.
methodsWe reviewed literature sources including PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, utilizing a combination of search terms. The inclusion criterion was leadless pacemaker (LP) implantation following lead removal (LR) of infected CIEDs, while the exclusion criterion was LR for noninfectious indications. Study endpoints encompassed patient outcomes during follow-up.
resultsOur literature review yielded 827 articles, of which 22 met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a cohort of 657 patients who underwent LR followed by LP implantation. A total of 295 (44.9%) patients underwent concurrent LP implantation during the LR procedure. The rest underwent delayed procedures, and the overall duration between LR of infected CIED and LP implantation was 4.32 ± 3.9 days. A total of 194 (29.5%) patients had systemic CIED infections, whereas 153 (23.3%) had isolated pocket infections. In our patient cohort, procedural complications were scarce. Over a mean follow-up period of 13.3 ± 9.4 months, pacemaker syndrome was observed in 4 patients (0.61%), and 3 patients (0.46%) experienced persistent or recurrent infections.
conclusionOur review finds both concurrent and delayed LP implantation after infected CIED extraction to be safe, with low reinfection rates and minimal complications. LPs could also serve as a bridge to CRT re-implantation minimizing the use of temporary pacing systems.
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Registered trials
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