Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39630270›Full record

ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2025

The mediating role of life course cognitive reserve-enhancing factors in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and dementia among older adults: evidence from a prospective cohort study in the United States.

Guangwen Liu, Tianhao Bao, Changqing Gao, Chenlu Hong, Boyuan Guan, Yujie Huang, Xiaoying Zheng, Yanan Luo

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Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

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0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Joint Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Genetic Burden of Depression on Multiple Depressive Symptoms.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2026
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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Guangwen LiuDepartment of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
Tianhao BaoThe Mental Health Center of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, China.
Changqing GaoThe Mental Health Center of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, China.
Chenlu HongDepartment of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
Boyuan GuanDepartment of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
Yujie HuangDepartment of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
Xiaoying ZhengSchool of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China. zhengxiaoying@sph.pumc.edu.cn.
Yanan LuoDepartment of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China. luoyanan@bjmu.edu.cn.

Funding

China Medical Board Fund 22-477Major Project of the National Social Science Fund of China 21&ZD187National Natural Science Foundation of China 82404385Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST 2022QNRC001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo explore the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and incident dementia, and examine the mediating effect of cognitive reserve-enhancing factors from life course perspective. Further, we verified the heterogeneities of associations of ACEs, enhancing factors, and dementia by dementia genetic risk.

methodsData was from the US Health and Retirement Study, involving 51,327 observations (50+) with a 10-year follow-up. Dementia was determined by the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. Six ACEs were assessed from two dimensions namely financial adversity and childhood trauma. Cognitive reserve-enhancing factors were rated during three periods of life-course, namely early-life stage (educational attainment,), adulthood (household income) and late-life stage (weekly physical activity). Genetic risk was evaluated by polygenic risk score for Alzheimer's disease. Cox regression models were conducted to examine the association between ACEs and dementia risk where ACEs were deemed as a continuous variable. "Mediation" package in R was used to test the mediating effect. Subgroup analysis was conducted to verify the heterogeneity of dementia genetic risk.

resultsParticipants with one additional number of ACEs was associated with increased risk of dementia (HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.16). The correlation of the number of ACEs and dementia was fully mediated by early-life stage enhancing factor and partially mediated by adulthood enhancing factor. The above mediating roles only exist among those with moderate and high dementia genetic risk.

conclusionExposure to a larger number of ACEs is significantly linked to dementia, and cognitive reserve-enhancing factors might mediate this association. Early interventions on the adverse life condition and emphasis on older adults with moderate and high genetic dementia risk were recommended.

Indexed as

Adverse Childhood ExperiencesCognitive ReserveDementiaAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRisk FactorsUnited StatesAdverse childhood experiencesCognitive reserveDementiaPolygenic risk

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PMID39630270

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