Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39630027›Full record

ArticleEpigenomics2025

The triple code model for advancing research in rare and undiagnosed diseases beyond the base pairs.

Gwen Lomberk, Raul Urrutia

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Epigenomics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Gwen LomberkLinda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5463-789X
Raul UrrutiaLinda T. and John A. Mellowes Center for Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1640-6780

Funding

ZINC FINGER GENES AND PANCREATIC CELL GROWTHR01DK052913 · NIDDK · MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN · PI LOMBERK, GWEN, URRUTIA, RAUL A. · 1998 to 2023
$7.0M
Targeting Epigenomic Regulators at the Replication Fork in PDACR01CA247898 · NCI · MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN · PI LOMBERK, GWEN · 2021 to 2025
$2.3M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA247898NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK052913
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Rare and undiagnosed diseases pose significant challenges for understanding their mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment. The Triple Code Model, an integrative paradigm described here, considers the combined influence of the genetic code, epigenetic code, and nuclear structure (an emerging code), as fundamental biochemical mechanisms underlying many rare diseases. Studies demonstrate dysfunctional membrane and cytoplasmic signals instruct the epigenome to ultimately impact the 3D structure and dynamics of the nucleus, highlighting their close interrelationships. Consequently, this model offers a holistic perspective on rare and undiagnosed diseases by moving beyond a solely genetic view. We propose that this integrated framework will efficiently guide rare disease research by taking it 'Beyond the Base Pairs,' leading to improved diagnostics and personalized treatments.

Indexed as

Epigenesis, GeneticGenetic CodeRare DiseasesUndiagnosed DiseasesBase PairingHumanschromatin structure and dynamicsepigenomegeneticshistone modificationsmulti-omicsnuclear organizationRare diseasesundiagnosed diseases

Identifiers

PMID39630027
PMCPMC11792834

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.