ArticleMovement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society2025
Clinical Outcome Assessments for Spasticity: Review, Critique, and Recommendations.
Article in Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Clinical Outcome Assessments for Functional Performance in Spastic Paresis: Systematic Review, Critique, and Recommendations.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026Pooled it
- New Perspectives on the Efficacy of Governor Vessel Moxibustion Combined With Rehabilitation Training for Poststroke Muscle Spasticity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Brain and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- The effectiveness of robotic therapy in reducing upper limb spasticity in stroke survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Pooled it
- Article
- The Benefits of Advanced Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection Training from a Spasticity Management Fellowship.Toxins · 2026Article
- Efficacy of radial shock wave therapy for ankle spasticity in patients with stroke within 3 months of onset: a prospective quasi-experimental study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Review
- Mitochondrial-neuroimmune interfaces in post-stroke spasticity: from acute brain injury to chronic motor phenotypes.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Temporal changes in gait parameters and muscle activation during sustained walking in children with spastic cerebral palsy.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Ultrasound-Derived Stretch Reflex Threshold Estimation Using Tendon-to-Bone Distance During Tendon Tapping in Post-Stroke Spasticity.IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · 2026Article
- Analysis of a Modified Version of the Inventory of Non-Ataxia Signs Over 12 Years in Patients with Friedreich's Ataxia in the EFACTS Study.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026Article
- Spastic Ataxia Composite (SPAXCOM): A Scale to Evaluate the Progression of Subjects with Spasticity and Ataxia.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025Article
- Recommendations for a core assessment set for neurological physiotherapy entry-level education in Austria - a multistage process including a Delphi study.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Effects of environmentally-induced anxiety on autoimmunity in the MRL/lpr mouse.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Article
- Reliability of the Five Step Assessment and Its Coefficients of Impairment in Spastic Paresis.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2025Article
- The use of Botulinum Toxin Type A in patients in out-of-hospital intensive care in Germany-results from a multidisciplinary online survey.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Effect of time window on MVC reference for quantifying spastic cocontraction in spastic paresis.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
- Association of upper limb motor function with muscle tone changes and quality of life in the subacute phase after stroke: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
- Metric properties of the Tonic Stretch Reflex Threshold (TSRT) as a measure of spasticity: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Archives of physiotherapyArticle
- Comparing the real-world effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A injections across distinct poststroke muscle hyper-resistance patterns.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSpasticity is a common feature in patients with disruptions in corticospinal pathways. However, the term is used ambiguously. Here, spasticity is defined as enhanced velocity-dependent stretch reflexes and placed within the context of deforming spastic paresis encompassing other forms of muscle overactivity.
objectiveThis scoping review aims at evaluating the clinimetric quality of clinical outcome assessments (COAs) for spasticity across different pathologies and to make recommendations for their use.
methodsA literature search was conducted to identify COAs used to assess spasticity. An international expert panel evaluated the measurement properties in the included COAs. Recommendations were based on the MDS-COA program methodology based on three criteria: if the COA was (1) applied to patients with spastic paresis, (2) used by others beyond the developers, and (3) determined to be reliable, valid, and sensitive to change in patients with spasticity.
resultsWe identified 72 COAs of which 17 clinician-reported outcomes (ClinROs) and 6 patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were reviewed. The Tardieu Scale was the only ClinRO recommended for assessing spasticity. One ClinRO-Composite Spasticity Index-and two PROs-Spasticity 0-10 Numeric Rating Scale and 88-Item Multiple Sclerosis Spasticity Scale-were recommended with caveats. The Ashworth-derived COAs were excluded after evaluation due to their focus on muscle tone rather than spasticity, as defined in this review.
conclusionsThe Tardieu Scale is recommended for assessing spasticity, and two PROs are recommended with caveats. Consistent terminology about the various types of muscle overactivity is necessary to facilitate their assessment and treatment. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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