Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39629677›Full record

ArticleCancer medicine2024

Evaluation of the Clinical Safety of the Low-Cost Warburg Therapy for the Treatment of Patients With Advanced Cancers.

Peihua Lu, Tom Tsang, Michael S Badowski, Michael E Pennington, Linda C Meade-Tollin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Peihua LuDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.ORCID 0009-0005-2855-8780
Tom TsangAmerican Goodwill Mission to China Inc. 501(c) (3), Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Michael S BadowskiDepartment of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Michael E PenningtonAmerican Goodwill Mission to China Inc. 501(c) (3), Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Linda C Meade-TollinAmerican Goodwill Mission to China Inc. 501(c) (3), Tucson, Arizona, USA.

Funding

Wuxi Health and Family Planning Commission M202205Wuxi Municipal Bureau on Science and Technology Y20212002-1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRising cancer care costs are becoming cost prohibitive for lower income people worldwide. We developed the Warburg protocol as a low-cost option for the treatment of cancer that was inspired. It was developed to exploit an Achilles heel which is a hallmark of cancer cells; the metabolic requirement for higher levels of glucose than normal cells.

objectiveThe purpose of this report is to assess the clinical safety and affordability of the Warburg therapy as an option for patients with advanced cancers.

methodsBetween 2021 and 2023, 251 patients with advanced cancers received a total of 8542 treatments with the Warburg therapy. To restrict the supply of blood glucose to cancerous tumors, regular human insulin was administered (IV) sufficient to reduce blood glucose concentrations to hypoglycemic levels for 40-60 min. Subroutine doses of fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide were administered intravenously during this hypoglycemic period. Food or intravenous glucose was given as needed to return blood glucose to euglycemic levels after treatment. Patient symptoms, status, vitals, blood glucose, and hypoglycemic symptoms were monitored throughout treatment. Various blood parameters were measured before and after patients' course of treatment.

resultsThere were no irreversible adverse reactions in advanced tumor patients of different ages and different cancer types after treatment. There was no significant fluctuation in blood glucose levels in diabetic and non-diabetic patients after treatment, and the weight, vital index and blood biochemical index of patients before and after multiple treatments exhibited little variation.

conclusionWarburg therapy for the treatment of advanced tumors is clinically feasible, and safe for multiple treatments. It is inexpensive and widely applicable to different patient groups.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseNeoplasmsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsFemaleFluorouracilHumansInsulinMaleMiddle AgedTreatment OutcomeWarburg Effect, OncologicYoung AdultBlood GlucoseFluorouracilInsulin

Identifiers

PMID39629677
PMCPMC11615646

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.