ReviewEngineering microbiology2023
Applications of toxin-antitoxin systems in synthetic biology.
Review in Engineering microbiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Extrachromosomally co-encoded toxin-immunity pairs in yeast and their application potential.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Phosphorylation of PfiA modulates Pf4 phage production through PfiA/PfiT stoichiometric reconfiguration inScience advances · 2026Article
- Dual regulation of HEPN RNase in fused MNT-HEPN toxin-antitoxin systems via protein OligoAMPylation and oligomerization.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Engineered romidepsin biosynthetic pathways in Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 improve the efficacy of bacteria-mediated cancer therapy.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Modulation of Hachiman defence by a type II toxin-antitoxin system via balancing trade-off between the fitness cost and antiphage activity.Engineering microbiology · 2026Article
- Bacterial defense systems: Mechanisms, homology to eukaryotic immune systems, and applications.Zoological research · 2026Review
- UnderstandingMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- Probiotic-Based Materials as Living Therapeutics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Bistability in type I toxin-antitoxin systems may lead to stress-induced persister formation.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2025Article
- The Prevalence and Diversity of Marine Toxin-Antitoxin Systems.Marine drugs · 2025Article
- Long-term homeostasis in microbial consortia via auxotrophic cross-feeding.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The generation game: Toward the generational genetic stability of continuous culture.iScience · 2025Article
- Characterization of a small non-coding RNA S612 inEngineering microbiology · 2025Article
- A noncanonical intrinsic terminator in the HicAB toxin-antitoxin operon promotes the transmission of conjugative antibiotic resistance plasmids.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Overview of Phage Defense Systems in Bacteria and Their Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Using nucleolytic toxins as restriction enzymes enables new RNA applications.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics by wastewater bacteria engineered via conjugation.Microbial biotechnology · 2024Article
- Large-scale Purification of Type III Toxin-antitoxin Ribonucleoprotein Complex and its Components fromBio-protocol · 2023Article
- Bacterial Toxin-Antitoxin Systems' Cross-Interactions-Implications for Practical Use in Medicine and Biotechnology.Toxins · 2023Review
- Comparative Genomic Analysis of Cold-Water Coral-DerivedMarine drugs · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are ubiquitous in bacteria and archaea. Most are composed of two neighboring genetic elements, a stable toxin capable of inhibiting crucial cellular processes, including replication, transcription, translation, cell division and membrane integrity, and an unstable antitoxin to counteract the toxicity of the toxin. Many new discoveries regarding the biochemical properties of the toxin and antitoxin components have been made since the first TA system was reported nearly four decades ago. The physiological functions of TA systems have been hotly debated in recent decades, and it is now increasingly clear that TA systems are important immune systems in prokaryotes. In addition to being involved in biofilm formation and persister cell formation, these modules are antiphage defense systems and provide host defenses against various phage infections via abortive infection. In this review, we explore the potential applications of TA systems based on the recent progress made in elucidating TA functions. We first describe the most recent classification of TA systems and then introduce the biochemical functions of toxins and antitoxins, respectively. Finally, we primarily focus on and devote considerable space to the application of TA complexes in synthetic biology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.