Research Integrity in Guidelines and evIDence synthesis (RIGID): a framework for assessing research integrity in guideline development and evidence synthesis.

Background: Clinical guidelines rely on sound evidence to underpin recommendations for patient care. Compromised research integrity can erode public trust and the credibility of the scientific enterprise, with potential harm to patients. Despite increased recognition of integrity concerns in scientific literature, there are no processes or guidance for incorporating integrity assessments into evidence-based guideline development or evidence synthesis more broadly. Methods: In response to this crucial gap, we developed the Findings: The six key steps of the RIGID framework are described, as follows: (1) Review: standard systematic review processes are followed, in line with approved evidence synthesis methodologies; (2) Exclude: studies which have been retracted are excluded, and those with expressions of concern are flagged for further evaluation; (3) Assess: remaining studies are assessed for integrity using an appropriate tool and allocated an initial integrity risk rating of low, moderate or high risk for integrity concerns; (4) Discuss: integrity assessment results are discussed among integrity committee members with votes to determine final integrity risk rating allocations for each study; (5) Establish contact: low risk studies are included without author contact, whereas authors of studies ranked as moderate or high risk are contacted for clarification; (6) Reassess: studies are reassessed for inclusion using the RIGID author response algorithm (reclassified as 'included' where authors have provided a satisfactory response, 'awaiting classification' where authors have engaged but time is needed to address concerns, or 'not included' where authors have not responded to contact attempts). An illustrative case study is presented, where these six steps of the RIGID framework were successfully implemented in an influential international guideline endorsed by 39 societies across six continents. Following implementation of the framework, 45 of the 101 originally identified studies (45%) were not included in the guideline. Interpretation: Based on the latest literature and international expertise, the RIGID framework represents an important advancement in best practice standards for guideline development and evidence synthesis. Using this resource, guideline developers, policy-makers, clinicians and scientists are better positioned to navigate the currently precarious research landscape to ensure evidence synthesis and subsequent clinical recommendations prioritize patient care and preserve the sanctity of scientific endeavors. Funding: This study received no specific funding. The guideline in which it was piloted was supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) for guideline development through the Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Women's Health in Reproductive Life (CRE-WHiRL) (APP1171592) and the CRE in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (CRE-PCOS) (APP1078444) led by Monash University, Australia, and partner societies: the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM), the US Endocrine Society (ENDO), the European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) and the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE).