ArticleBMC infectious diseases2024
Influence of COVID-19 public health restrictions on community-acquired pneumonia pathogens in children in Henan, China: a multicenter retrospective study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in hospitalized children before during and after the COVID-19 pandemic in xi'an China.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Clinical epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic, and independent risk factors analysis for severe community-acquired pneumonia.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Epidemiologic characteristics of immunoglobulin M antibodies in lower respiratory tract infection pathogens of children: association with severe pneumonia in Chengdu city from 2019 to 2023.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the distribution of pathogens and epidemiological changes in children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) during and after the COVID-19 pandemic public health restrictive measures. aiming to provide a foundation for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and policy formulation.
methodsThis multicenter retrospective study spanned January 2019 to December 2023. The study included 78,256 children hospitalized for CAP in four hospitals in Henan, China, among which 27,580 cases (35.2%) were tested for pathogens using multiplex real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The pathogens detected include Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP), Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Haemophilus influenzae (HI), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A virus (Flu A), influenza B virus (Flu B), and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP).
resultsPathogens were identified in 18,690 of the 27,580 children, resulting in a 67.8% positive detection rate. Of these cases, 15,105 (54.8%) were single pathogen infections and 3,585 (13%) were mixed pathogen infections. The pathogen positivity rate was lowest in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020), at 54.7%, and peaked at 79.1% in 2023, after public health restrictions were lifted. During the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022), seasonal variation in pathogen prevalence was disrupted. Post-restriction, there was a significant increase in RSV and MP cases. SP remained the leading bacterial cause of CAP, especially in young children. RSV was the predominant viral pathogen, particularly affecting infants. MP showed a rising trend with age, yet it also affected younger individuals.
conclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic altered the epidemiological characteristics of pathogens in children with CAP. This impact is likely to persist, necessitating enhanced surveillance of CAP pathogens to mitigate the healthcare burden in children. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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