ReviewClinical & experimental ophthalmology2024
Mimickers of hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity.
Review in Clinical & experimental ophthalmology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Optical Coherence Tomography and Angiography in Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy: A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Progressive Retinal Toxicity Nine Years After Hydroxychloroquine Discontinuation: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Role of microperimetry to detect early visual function deficits in patients with hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity-a review.Eye (London, England) · 2025Review
- Resolved Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Mimicking Hydroxychloroquine Toxicity: A Case Series and Literature Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Early-onset bull's eye maculopathy due to hydroxychloroquine in rheumatoid arthritis and myasthenia gravis.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Mimickers of hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity.Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinal toxicity is an important entity that can be challenging to differentiate from its mimickers. Bull's eye maculopathy is the classical presentation of HCQ retinopathy; however, its differential includes several drug-related retinal toxicities, inherited retinal disorders, and systemic conditions with associated retinopathies. Given the similarities in clinical presentation, imaging findings, and other diagnostic data, it can be quite challenging for all but the retina specialists to successfully identify retinal toxicity from HCQ. This review summarises HCQ retinopathy and its mimickers of with a special emphasis on key clinical and ancillary distinctions that can help comprehensive ophthalmologists and primary care offices in clenching this diagnosis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.