Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39626219›Full record

ArticleJMIR serious games2024

Incorporating an Intelligent Tutoring System Into a Game-Based Auditory Rehabilitation Training for Adult Cochlear Implant Recipients: Algorithm Development and Validation.

Florian Gnadlinger, Maika Werminghaus, André Selmanagić, Tim Filla, Jutta G Richter, Simone Kriglstein, Thomas Klenzner

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JMIR serious games, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Virtual Reality Technology in Otolaryngology Patient Care Management: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence and Future Prospects.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026
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  2. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Florian GnadlingerFaculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4569-9671
Maika WerminghausDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Hörzentrum, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5232-0938
André SelmanagićUniversity of Applied Sciences Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6457-2791
Tim FillaClinic for Rheumatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5628-8398
Jutta G RichterClinic for Rheumatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8194-3243
Simone KriglsteinFaculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7817-5589
Thomas KlenznerDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Hörzentrum, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6883-0905

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCochlear implants are implanted hearing devices; instead of amplifying sounds like common hearing aids, this technology delivers preprocessed sound information directly to the hearing (ie, auditory) nerves. After surgery and the first cochlear implant activation, patients must practice interpreting the new auditory sensations, especially for language comprehension. This rehabilitation process is accompanied by hearing therapy through face-to-face training with a therapist, self-directed training, and computer-based auditory training.

objectiveIn general, self-directed, computer-based auditory training tasks have already shown advantages. However, compliance of cochlear implant recipients is still a major factor, especially for self-directed training at home. Hence, we aimed to explore the combination of 2 techniques to enhance learner motivation in this context: adaptive learning (in the form of an intelligent tutoring system) and game-based learning (in the form of a serious game).

methodsFollowing the suggestions of the evidence-centered design framework, a domain analysis of hearing therapy was conducted, allowing us to partially describe human hearing skill as a probabilistic competence model (Bayesian network). We developed an algorithm that uses such a model to estimate the current competence level of a patient and create training recommendations. For training, our developed task system was based on 7 language comprehension task types that act as a blueprint for generating tasks of diverse difficulty automatically. To achieve this, 1053 audio assets with meta-information labels were created. We embedded the adaptive task system into a graphic novel-like mobile serious game. German-speaking cochlear implant recipients used the system during a feasibility study for 4 weeks.

resultsThe 23 adult participants (20 women; 3 men) fulfilled 2259 tasks. In total, 2004 (90.5%) tasks were solved correctly, and 255 (9.5%) tasks were solved incorrectly. A generalized additive model analysis of these tasks indicated that the system adapted to the estimated competency levels of the cochlear implant recipients more quickly in the beginning than at the end. Compared with a uniform distribution of all task types, the recommended task types differed (χ²

conclusionsThis contribution demonstrates the feasibility of combining an intelligent tutoring system with a serious game in cochlear implant rehabilitation therapies. The findings presented here could lead to further advances in cochlear implant care and aural rehabilitation in general.

trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) DRKS00022860; https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00022860.

Indexed as

adaptive learningcochlear implanteHealthevidence-centered designgame-based learninghearing rehabilitationintelligent tutoring system

Identifiers

PMID39626219
PMCPMC11653422

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.