Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39625848›Full record

ArticleMolecular pharmaceutics2025

Using Oscillation to Improve the Insertion Depth and Consistency of Hollow Microneedles for Transdermal Insulin Delivery with Mechanistic Insights.

Fiona Smith, Anna M Kotowska, Benjamin Fiedler, Edward Cerny, Karmen Cheung, Catrin S Rutland, Faz Chowdhury, Joel Segal, Frankie J Rawson, Maria Marlow

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular pharmaceutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Fiona SmithSchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
Anna M KotowskaSchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
Benjamin FiedlerSchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
Edward CernyAdvanced Technology Centre, Oakwood Drive, Nemaura Pharma Limited, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3QF, United Kingdom.
Karmen CheungAdvanced Technology Centre, Oakwood Drive, Nemaura Pharma Limited, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3QF, United Kingdom.
Catrin S RutlandSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
Faz ChowdhuryAdvanced Technology Centre, Oakwood Drive, Nemaura Pharma Limited, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3QF, United Kingdom.
Joel SegalDepartment of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG8 1BB, United Kingdom.
Frankie J RawsonSchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-4872-8928
Maria MarlowSchool of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-0333-5290

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Microneedles (MNs) offer the potential for discrete and painless transdermal drug delivery, yet poor insertion and dosing consistency have hindered their clinical translation. Specifically, hollow MNs are appropriate for the administration of liquid modalities, including insulin, which could prove to be beneficial for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. This work aimed to design and manufacture a hollow MN with an improved insertion and delivery profile suitable for insulin administration.

Indexed as

Administration, CutaneousDrug Delivery SystemsInsulinNeedlesSkinAnimalsDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1HumansHypoglycemic AgentsMicroinjectionsSkin AbsorptionSwineHypoglycemic AgentsInsulindiabetes mellitusinsertioninsulinmicroneedlesoscillationreproducibility

Identifiers

PMID39625848
PMCPMC11707737

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.